Parable - Definition and Examples of Parables

A story, usually short and simple, that illustrates a lesson. The parable is related to the exemplum in classical rhetoric. Parables And The New Testament Some of the best known parables are those in the New Testament. Certain longer works of modern literature--such as Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and the fiction of Franz Kafka--are sometimes regarded as secular parables. Biblical Parables The legs of the lame are not equal: so is a parable in the mouth of fools.(Proverbs 26:7, The Bible) Secular Parables The Blind Men and the Elephant by John Godfrey Saxe There were six men of Hindustan,to learning much inclined,Who went to see an elephant,though all of them were blind,That each by observationmight satisfy his mind.The first approached the elephant,and happening to fallAgainst his broad and sturdy side,at once began to bawl,This mystery of an elephantis very like a wall.The second, feeling of the tusk,cried, Ho, what have we here,So very round and smooth and sharp?To me ’tis mighty clear,This wonder of an elephantis very like a spear.The third approached the elephant,and happening to takeThe squirming trunk within his hands,thus boldly up and spake,I see, quoth he,the elephant is very like a snake.The fourth reached out an eager hand,and felt above the knee,What this most wondrous beastis like is very plain, said he.Tis clear enough the elephantis very like a tree.The fifth who chanced to touch the earsaid, E’en the blindest manCan tell what this resembles most;deny the fact who can;This marvel of an elephantis very like a fan.The sixth no sooner had begunabout the beast to grope,Than seizing on the swinging tailthat fell within his scope;I see, said he, the elephantis very like a rope.So six blind men of Hindustandisputed loud and long,Each in his own opinionexceeding stiff and strong;Though each was partly in the right,they all were in the wrong!br/>MORAL:So oft in theologic wars,The disputants, I ween,Rail on in utter ignoranceOf what each other mean,And prate about an ElephantNot one of them has seen! The Invention of Letters SOCRATES: I heard, then, that at Naucratis, in Egypt, was one of the ancient gods of that country, the one whose sacred bird is called the ibis, and the name of the god himself was Theuth. He it was who invented numbers and arithmetic and geometry and astronomy, also draughts and dice, and, most important of all, letters. Now the king of all Egypt at that time was the god Thamus, who lived in the great city of the upper region, which the Greeks call the Egyptian Thebes, and they call the god himself Ammon. To him came Theuth to show his inventions, saying that they ought to be imparted to the other Egyptians. But Thamus asked what use there was in each, and as Theuth enumerated their uses, expressed praise or blame, according as he approved or disapproved. The story goes that Thamus said many things to Theuth in praise or blame of the various arts, which it would take too long to repeat; but when they came to the letters, This invention, O king, said Theuth, will make the Egyptians w iser and will improve their memories; for it is an elixir of memory and wisdom that I have discovered. But Thamus replied, Most ingenious Theuth, one man has the ability to beget arts, but the ability to judge of their usefulness or harmfulness to their users belongs to another; and now you, who are the father of letters, have been led by your affection to ascribe to them a power the opposite of that which they really possess. For this invention will produce forgetfulness in the minds of those who learn to use it, because they will not practice their memory. Their trust in writing, produced by external characters which are no part of themselves, will discourage the use of their own memory within them. You have invented an elixir not of memory, but of reminding; and you offer your pupils the appearance of wisdom, not true wisdom, for they will read many things without instruction and will therefore seem to know many things, when they are for the most part ignorant and hard to get along with, since they are not wise, but only appear wise. PHAEDRUS: Socrates, you easily make up stories o f Egypt or any country you please. (Plato, Phaedrus, translated by H. N. Fowler) Parable of the Scorpion Theres a story I heard as a child, a parable, and I never forgot it. A scorpion was walking along the bank of a river, wondering how to get to the other side. Suddenly he saw a fox. He asked the fox to take him on his back across the river.The fox said, No. If I do that, youll sting me, and Ill drown.The scorpion assured him, If I did that, wed both drown.The fox thought about it, finally agreed. So the scorpion climbed up on his back, and the fox began to swim. But halfway across the river, the scorpion stung him.As the poison filled his veins, the fox turned to the scorpion and said, Why did you do that? Now youll drown, too. I couldnt help it, said the scorpion. Its my nature.(Robert Beltran as Commander Chakotay in Scorpion. Star Trek: Voyager, 1997) David Foster Wallaces Fish Story There are these two young fish swimming along, and they happen to meet an older fish swimming the other way, who nods at them and says, Morning, boys, hows the water? And the two young fish swim on for a bit, and then eventually one of them looks over at the other and goes, What the hell is water? . . .None of this is about morality, or religion, or dogma, or big fancy questions of life after death. The capital-T Truth is about life before death. It is about making it to 30, or maybe 50, without wanting to shoot yourself in the head. It is about simple awareness--awareness of what is so real and essential, so hidden in plain sight all around us, that we have to keep reminding ourselves, over and over: This is water, this is water.(David Foster Wallace, commencement speech at Kenyon College, Ohio. The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2006, ed. by Dave Eggers. Mariner Books, 2006) Parables in Politics Right now, as [Elizabeth] Warren and [Scott] Brown meet voters, they are telling their stories as political parables, loaded with ideas about opportunity versus just deserts, social investment versus making your own way, fairness versus the free market. The ordinary Massachusetts voter--the kind who doesn’t tune in until the last minute--will have to choose between two story lines. They will talk about it this way: he’s a small-town Wrentham boy who solves problems based on facts, while she’s a leftist ideologue from Harvard. Or they will talk about it this way: he’s a lightweight with a pretty face and a truck; she’s a real person who will fight off the banks and others trying to ruin the middle class. They will assess which one is more likable and sincere. They will (or won’t) be pulled to the polls by more politically motivated neighbors. In such haphazard ways, Massachusetts independents will decide one of the most closely watched and pos sibly most expensive races of the 2012 campaign, outside the presidency.(E.J. Graff, Elizabeth Warren: Yes She Can? The Nation, April 23, 2012) Etymology From the Greek, to compare Also see: AllegoryAnecdoteExemplumFableHomileticsThe Little Girl in Lavender Spats by Don MarquisNarration  and  NarrativeVignetteThe Whistle by Benjamin Franklin   Pronunciation: PAR-uh-bul Also Known As: exemplum, fable

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ON IMPACTS OF CAFFEINE TO...

Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents both foreign and local related literatures relevant to the study. This relevance is shown by the proponents in order to give more reason and understanding of the proposition. Related Literature and Studies Downsides in Caffeine New research from John Hopkins Medical School shows that performance increases due to caffeine intake are the result of caffeine drinkers experiencing a short-term reversal of caffeine withdrawal. In essence, coming off caffeine reduces your cognitive performance and has a negative impact on your mood. Drinking caffeine triggers the release of adrenaline. When caffeine puts your brains and body into this hyper-aroused state, your emotions†¦show more content†¦Potential Prostate Cancer Treatment, Green tea compounds were the delivery mechanism, bringing the radioactive gold nanoparticles to the tumors. The gold was then able to kill the cancer cells, ABC News reported. Boosting function in old age. The research, which included 14,000 adultys ages 65 older over a 3-year period, showed that the ones who drank the most green tea had the best functioning in old age compared with those who drank the least. Lowers blood pressure. Drinking black tea could slightly decrease blood pr essure, according to a study in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Aids Weight Loss. Drinking 5 cups a day is linked with weight loss, particularly in decreasing belly fat, Health.com reported. Coffee and Its Relation to College Students The truth is that coffee, like anything consumed in excess, can be very harmful for the body. However, there are also positive effects to use of the substance, which many students may also be unaware of. Fourth-year Chicano/Chicana studies major and education minor Rosio Almaguier, says she experienced headaches, anxiety and â€Å"jittery-ness† while she still drank a lot of coffee (4-5 times a week), but admits, â€Å"I just liked the awake feeling and the flavor. That’s why I kept drinking it.† However, she decided to lower her intake after deciding to run in the Sta. Barbara marathon, saying that â€Å"coffee dehydrated me and gave me momentary energy, but then I felt really sleepy. I drink tea now,Show MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesWindows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh ar e registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri

Violent Music and It’s Impact on children Free Essays

Violent Music and it Impact on Children Causes and Impact of Emotional, Financial, and Physical Abuse of the Elderly Augustine Reeves Delaware Community County College April 16 2014 Introduction Does violent music really impact children life? We asked these questions every day, but do we get the right answers? This is unpredictable. No one knows what will be the outcome if we do not have music in our life. When I was a kid music was part of my every day activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Violent Music and It’s Impact on children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rap, RB, Country etc. Was profanities used in those songs? Yes. Did I used them in the streets? Yes. But does it really makes us who we are today. Different Medias Anderson, Carnage, and Banks(2003) emphasize the differences between Medias which one is more effective. Such as watching music videos and listening to audios only music. Is it more effective for a kid to do what he or she saw in the video, then saying what he or she heard in a music lyric. Music videos are more doable for children. Children will most likely take what they saw and transform it in their way of doing. The why Most parents who cares about their children behaviors will always block musical channels like B. E. T and M. T. V, and would rather allow their children to sites to MPH music. In other to imitates a music lyric, you have to be a good listener, how to use to lyrics in different ways. Violent Music lyrics Impact on Children When listening to audio music with lyric, it increases thought, aggression, and emotions feeling on children. Most words that are used in lyrics are aggressive and nonaggression. According to Exposure to Violent Music, Craig A. Anderson, Nicholas L. Carnage, and Jeanie Banks(2003) did an experiment on Aggressive and Nonaggression words. Aggressive Words blood, fight hurt wound butcher gun choke hatchet knife Nonaggression Words alley drugs police stick animal movie red bottle night rock The experiment was to allow college students to listen to music with these aggressive words and nonaggression words and see what will be the outcome, and heir behaviors. The outcome was very clear that after the experiment was over the students who listened to the aggressive music had more negative feeling and aggressive thought of doing something, then the student who listened to the non- aggressive songs. Children have the mind of believing anything they hear or sees. Children who listens to aggressive music believe that they do not need to go to school, they believe they can sell drugs, become a rapper themselves, not listening to their parents because that what they heard while listening to aggressive music. That how aggressive music can impact children life. Violent Music video Impact on Children life According to helping to Curb Youth Violence, Jan L. Peterson and Russ Newman (2000) believed that youth between the age 12 and 24 year face the highest risk of being involves in violent acts and most likely involved in being kill. About nearly 60% of kid death are result of violent behaviors. Such as, homicide, accidents, gang fighting, dating assault etc. Because youth spend almost 6 to 12 hours a day watching MET, B. E. T, Youth, and other music channels. Musical videos is more about sexual oriented acts. It is said that teen who listen to rap video become more involve in violent dating. Musical videos are influenced and threaten to children. Conclusion I believe to that my thinking, my movement, my thoughts have something to do with music. As a youth I believe the image of music, the words, the videos act should be limited. But at the same time we cannot live without these things in our life no matter how risky it is. Life can be very stressful especially for the elderly. Sometime it is hard to imagine how life would be financially when getting older and knowing you won’t be able to work and support your family. Situation like those can lead to depression, emotions, and can sometime lead to violent in the family. Most elderly realize that they cannot depend on social security tax anymore. Financial Exploitation on Elderly According to Shells L. Jackson and Thomas L. Haberdasher (2012), financial exploitation is defined as the illegal or improper use of an elderly person’s funds, property, or assets. It is said that elderly victims annually loss $2. 9 billion to financial exploitation in Midlife 2009. Those lost can be very effective on the elderly because these are something they worked for their life. Retirement is what every individual wants so they can rest and enjoy what they worked for. But how do they lead to depression? As a retire person it is hard to replace a lost assets. Therefore it can lead to loss of independence and security for an elderly person. With that situation the person have to rely on a family member, or even going far as getting on social welfare. For that season it can lead to self-decline, depression, even suicide attempt. What leads to Depression on Elderly? Depression does not really start with someone already at the age of 65. It can start with a person at age of 17 and follow till they are in their ass’s. According to The relationship between stress and depression, Vivian Kraal], Simms Seekers, and Ella Remains state that life events in relation to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and maltreatment during childhood. For example, a 16 year old girl lost both parents at that age she will most like be depress and might affect her life going forward. Elderly depression can also come from lack of financially assistance at a young age. A person who can work, or work and not save enough for the future can lead to depression. Because at the age of 50 they to worry about who will take care of them, they’ll to worry about going to nursing home. Causes of Physical Abuse on Elderly Elderly people experience more physical abuse then others. Some causes of physical abuse on elderly are domestic violence and caregiver problem. Family issues come with domestic violence. The process of an elderly person living with a spouse can be trustful especially if the elder is sick or have mental issues. Sometime it can be financial problem. Buying all the medication, the food, and cloths. If the spouse not doing to responsibility it is consider as an abuse. The next one is caregivers. Sometime caregivers are having their own problem. It may be personal issues, psychological issues, and mental issues. The risk is very high when someone with these situation life with an elder. Physical Abuse can come when a sick elderly refuses to take his or her medication especially when it is at a consistence rate. The receiver can become to scream, names calling, and sometimes lead to hitting the elderly person. Conclusion Most elderly people are committing suicide because of how they are treated, how abuses people are to them, losing the asset makes them believe life is not worth living. Stress and depression mostly causes heart attack on elderly people. People work hard and save to live in the future, so let them live to the fullest of it. Reference Page Anderson, A. C. , Carnage, L. N. , Banks, J. (2003). Exposure to violent media: The effects of Songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings. How to cite Violent Music and It’s Impact on children, Papers

The Application of the Concept of Organizational Culture Essay Sample free essay sample

The concern universe in these modern-day times calls for an enlargement of kingdom if that concern is to last. It is non any longer common for a concern house to be lodging on one state. one beginning. and one civilization. Large companies are spread outing their districts. traversing boundaries and infinite into a new universe with promises of success. The extend of their crossing can be seen as international. since they exceed the definitions of their ain civilization. Multinational companies are as such. making extensions of their chief office at different states. or stated in a better manner. different nationalities. This whole construct of enlargement certainly has its benefits. This globalisation tendency means a greater distribution scope of merchandises and services. Companies get a bigger pool of possible costumiers on which they can sell their goods. This besides means a bigger opportunity for market and a greater possibility of increasing their gross revenues. Expansion would besides assist in the scattering of engineering to other states. Merchandises non plausible to be made in a state can be introduced by globalisation. And in the long tally. the engineering used can be easy absorbed and integrated in that specific state. Although really promising and hopeful in the far terminal. globalisation and enlargement are faced with a batch of hurdlings every measure of the manner. One of the toughest is the cultural differences between two states. This factor can greatly impact the success or failure of a certain company. It is able to perforate all facets of the concern universe. and a individual failing can do the ruin of the company. How can civilization impact a company? It would be better first to specify civilization. Culture in simple words is the manner of life of a certain group of people. It is a set of norms. patterns. rites. and everything else that can be associated with that group ( Shein. 1997 ) . Regional civilization therefore pertains to the civilization nowadays at a certain location. someplace of another state and another state. Therefore. making concerns internationally requires the crossing of two or even many different civilizations. There exists a impression of cultural differences between all of those involved in the concern. be it the employer or the employee. These differences can run from subtle to the most obvious. but all creates an consequence on the overall position of a company. Take for illustration linguistic communication. Language is one specifying factor nowadays in civilization – one can cognize the speaker’s beginning by his or her manner of speaking. This poses a great challenge of communicating between two individuals of different civilizations. Although English is said to be the â€Å"universal language† . you can non anticipate every individual one in the universe to cognize English the manner the Americans do. Or neither can a British company expect all of their employees to hold the Brit’s natural speech pattern. The differences in linguistic communications create a barrier between two co-workers. doing frames of miscommunication and misinterpretation. Strains and edginess can besides be the consequence of these differences. Simple things such as gags can be amusing to one and annoying to the other. Pigeonholing are besides common. pulling decisions about one’s personality based on their known history or civilization. Tensions and battles are so easy conjured up. doing deterrent production ( Burman ) . Cultural differences would besides intend struggles in traditions and imposts ( Nellen. 1997 ) . These are wide classs. but however can interrupt or do a company. Traditions can run from part specific holidays to limitations on nutrient. from gestures to vesture. Some employees are non ready to give up their traditions and merely absorbed those of their employers. These struggles can do terrible harm non merely to the company. but besides to the person’s repute every bit good. Finally. unqualified work moralss can besides be brought upon by cultural differences. This causes people to work in different waies. being non-productive and non-constructive ( Zats. 1994 ) . Emphasis should be placed in the thought of waies. since different civilizations do non needfully intend broken employees. Each individual on their ain history likely believes that their way is right and would profit the company. But ever retrieve that in an organisation ; whether in school. household. or economic sciences. all must indicate to a individual end. A concern organisation is besides a group of people. and being as such. should incorporate a civilization common to all. It is non necessary to alter traditions. enforce on new beliefs or curtail types of apparels for these are thoughts found in a regional civilization. This is an organisation. and the â€Å"organizational culture† is the 1 that should be imposed or modified. It is hence a manager’s undertaking to oversee the creative activity of this civilization. By making so. he must foremost be cognizant of the job – the differences brought approximately by changing civilizations doing slow or impeded growing of the company. It is besides of import that the director protrudes his authorization over the others. but does non except them in the squad. He must so be able to pass on brightly in relaying these jobs onto others. The director must besides be able call upon the squad. and steer them in traveling towards a individual way ( Zats. 1994 ) . The replies to jobs are non peculiarly the manager’s load. but he must seek to intercede a sort of solution that all would hold on. This solution may non be his – it can come from any member of the squad. but the director should see that everyone understood it and are more than willing to force through and do it go on. Finally. the director must be unfastened at all times. He must be ready to absorb cognition from all possible beginnings. He must be able to understand all types of individuals. take into consideration their cultural differences when turn toing to them. In fact. merchandises that are to be produced must be made after consent from different representatives of different possible civilizations ; non merely regional civilizations. but by other group-related such as age and gender ( Fast Company ) . In the same line. directors must be able to analyze the civilization of prospective clients in order to delight them. A telephone. for illustration. would be used otherwise by an American when compared to an Italian ( Burman ) . These culture-driven actions can used to beef up a company’s border on telephone engineering for the two different locations. for illustration. Most significantly. directors must be able to accept his failures and learn from it. Shein ( Nellen. 1997 ) officially defined civilization as A form of shared basic premises that the group learned as it solved its jobs of external version and internal integrating. that has worked good plenty to be considered valid and. hence. to be taught to new members as the right manner you perceive. believe. and experience in relation to those jobs. He states that merely by larning from experiences can an organisation create a civilization. which should be instantly passed on and taught to the new members. This manner. errors done in the yesteryear will non be repeated and methods of productivity will digest. Directors are normally sent abroad to work at different locations. and this can be a challenge for most since it requires covering with different civilizations. A large inquiry so is how much can a director affect these changing civilizations in order to make a individual. productive one? As stated above. directors do non needfully necessitate to alter regional civilizations. non even their ain. In fact. many did non hold to in order to win. William J. Holstein. the editor in head of Chief Executive Magazine explained that directors working abroad do non lose their Americanism ; they merely gain a planetary position of the concern ( Holstein. 2004 ) . This would so besides mean that merchandises of a certain company would stay their ain up to any extent. regardless of the huge proportions of cultural exchange that might hold happened. A company’s merchandise. or marketable service exists as a portion of the organization’s civilization of all time since. By conveying it to other states. the company is simply sharing this civilization to others – something that the others can bask. but must non have without any legal permission from its proprietor. This manner. the individuality of the company is still present. In decision. a good managed organisation is one which applies the construct of civilization into the company. Each organisation must be treated like one should handle disparities – non by making infinites and nothingnesss between these differences but by seeking to come up with a same set of thoughts and norms that everyone would hold upon. Mentions Burman. E. ( N. D. ) Managing Cultural Diversity in a Global World. Workinfo. com. Retrieved November 20. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. workinfo. com/free/Downloads/299. htm Fast Company ( N. D. ) What Does the Future Look Like? Retrieved November 20. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. fastcompany. com/ftalk/london/future. hypertext markup language Holstein. W. J. ( 2004 ) . Making the Executive Suite A Mirror of Global Markets.New York Times. ( Late Edition ( East Coast ) ) . New York. N. Y. : Jul 4. 2004. pg. 3. 8 Retrieved November 20. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. hypertext markup language? res=9A0DE7DA1E38F937A35754C0A9629C8B63 Nellen. T. ( 1997 ) Notes onOrganizational Culture A ; Leadershipby E. A. Schein. Retrieved November 20. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tnellen. com/ted/tc/schein. hypertext markup language Zatz. D. ( 1994 ) Organizational Culture. Toolpak Consulting. Retrieved November 20. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. toolpack. com/culture. hypertext markup language

Cambridge / Judge Essay Questions 2018-2019

The Cambridge  admissions committee has released the  Judge essay questions   deadlines  for the 2018-2019 application season.  Cambridge / Judge conducts its admissions process in 5 rounds, with set interview dates for those invited to attend. 2018-2019 Cambridge / Judge Essay  Questions Please provide a personal statement. It should not exceed 500 words and must address the following questions: What are your short and long term career objectives and what skills/characteristics do you already have that will help you achieve them? What actions will you take before and during the MBA to contribute to your career outcome? If you are unsure of your post-MBA career path, how will the MBA equip you for the future? What did you learn from your most spectacular failure? (200 words) Describe a situation where you had to work jointly with others to achieve a common goal. What did you learn from the experience? (up to 200 words)

Pepper and Water Science Magic Trick

Pepper and Water Science Magic Trick The pepper and water science trick is one of the easiest magic tricks you can perform. Heres how to do the trick and an explanation of how it works. Necessary Materials You only need a few common kitchen ingredients to perform this science magic trick. black pepperwaterdishwashing liquidplate or bowl Steps to Performing the Trick Pour water into a plate or bowl.Shake some pepper onto the waters surface.Dip your finger into the pepper and water (Nothing much will happen).However, if you put a drop of dishwashing liquid on your finger and then dip it into the pepper and water the pepper will rush to the outer edges of the dish. If you are doing this as a trick then you might have one finger that is clean and another finger that you dipped in detergent before performing the trick. You could use a spoon or chopstick if you dont want a soapy finger. Heres How the Trick Works When you add detergent to water the surface tension of the water is lowered. Water normally bulges up a bit, like what you see when you look at a water drop. When the ​surface tension is lowered, the water wants to spread out. As the water flattens on the dish, the pepper that is floating on top of the water is carried to the outer edge of the plate as if by magic. Exploring Surface Tension With Detergent What happens if you mix detergent into the water and then shake pepper onto it? The pepper sinks to the bottom of the plate because the surface tension of the water is too low to hold up the particles. The high surface tension of water is why spiders and some insects can walk on water. If you added a drop of detergent to the water, they would sink, too. Floating Needle Trick A related science-based trick is the floating needle trick. You can float a needle (or paperclip) on water because the surface tension is high enough to hold it up. If the needle gets completely wet, it will sink immediately. Running the needle across your skin first will coat it with a thin layer of oil, helping it to float. Another option is to set the needle on a floating bit of tissue paper. The paper will become hydrated and sink, leaving a floating needle. Touching the water with a finger dipped in detergent will cause the metal to sink. Quarters in a Glass of Water Another way to demonstrate the high surface tension of water is to see how many quarters or other coins you can add to a full glass of water before it overflows. As you add coins, the surface of the water will become convex  before finally overflowing. How many coins can you add? This depends on how you add them. Slowly sliding the coins into the water edge-on will improve your results. If youre competing with a friend, you can sabotage his efforts by coating his coins with soap.

The United States Economic Development in the World War II Essay

The United States Economic Development in the World War II - Essay Example This essay outlines the efficiency of the economic policies of American government in war and post-war period, that led to strongly improved performance of the economy in the world. There are several reasons that led to wage rise during the Second World War. One reason that led to the rise in wage rates during the Second World War was the increased efficiency in jobs. Millions of residents of the United States of America who worked in occupations that were less productive moved to more efficient occupations. By acquiring efficient jobs, they earned more from their occupations. During the Second World War, wages also increased because productivity was equally improved. The improvement in productivity was brought about by better technologies that were put in place. The United States of America got its resources using an array of methods. One of them was excessive use of taxation. High taxes were imposed on workers as a way of mobilizing resources. The Congress collaborated with Roosevelt to impose heavy taxes as a way of mobilizing resources. The rates of marginal taxes increased from 81 per cent to about 94 per cent during the entire duration of the Second World War. The income level that was subjected to tax was also lowered Following the World War II, the increase in the demand of consumers for commodities fueled a robust economic growth. One industry that benefited from the consumer demand was the motor vehicle industry. To add to that, electronic and aviation industries witnessed enormous growth. ... The army was well marshaled to a force that was feared in the battlefield during the entire season of the war. By the year 1945, the military of the United States of America comprised of at least 13 000 000 million men, in addition to women who were in unison. This jump started the successful tradition in battle fields the United States of America has enjoyed till today. The industrial strength of the United States was also a crucial factor that was observed not only during but also after the Second World War. As much as they imported most of the resources they used outside the nation, their Gross domestic product stood the highest across the entire world. This margin was very large compared to those of other parts of the world (Young, 2013). During the post war era, the industry was transformed into an economic powerhouse still being witnessed today in the United States of America. These are of the reasons that led to the success of the United States as far as economic growth was co ncerned. They were able to recognize some of the gaps by other countries which they filled well. The post war prosperity that was witnessed in the United States of America after the Second World War was such a golden chance to the capitalists. This was attributed to maturity in bonds of about 200 million dollars from the years between 1945 to 1973.These bonds were financed by their work force that was educated. The post war prosperity and economic growth was also brought about by the increased number of farm workers who secured jobs in cities and towns across the United States of America. Before the Second World War, the economics of the United States ditched into a great depression. This occurred in the period between 1929 to 1941.In 1932, the

The illegal Diamond Trade of Sierra Leone Case Study

The illegal Diamond Trade of Sierra Leone - Case Study Example Charles Taylor, the leader of insurgents in Liberia, runs a non-state entity known as "greater Liberia".3 He does not have any official identity, but he maintained trapping of gold, diamond and hardwood. He has support from port city of Buchanan and a strong tie with several other trading partners. This insurgence has given rise to criminal activities which are being referred as "crime disguised as war". 4 The insurgency got integrated and has resulted to complex criminal networking.5 Along with exploitation of natural resource, other criminal activities such as drugs, money laundering and many other illegal activities are growing at a faster rate. The war state in Sierra Leone made the life of civilian people disastrous. This leads to humiliation for people who get caught in between the warring parties and as a result human residential areas get deserted. On the other hand the town and cities are getting flooded with Internally Displaced People (IDPs) who are living in overcrowded o utskirts. The resource based conflict in Sierra Leone is non-ending because some of the people involved in such conflicts are getting benefitted. Such situations create easy access for resource smuggling. If someone undergoes an in-depth research for the factors which were actually responsible for the present conflict in Sierra Leone, the following three main reasons will emerge out: These are: The main cause behind the war was closely associated with the competition for resource (mainly diamond). This strengthened with the passage of time. The conflict was directly linked with collapse of the state and emergence of non-state criminals with small arms. The war was never restricted to a single state, rather it was a regional problem and no state boundaries could actually restricted illegal trading of these resources.6 Different non government organizations are coming up to provide help to those people who are suffering the most from such resource conflict. They are also campaigning against trade conflict that is getting worst day by day in Sierra Leone. The innocent civilians are the one who suffered most from such a war state. For example on 19th and on 20th December, 2001 in Kono District situated to the eastern part of Sierra Leone, a clash emerged out between Civil Defense Force (CDF) and RUF that resulted into killing of 13 people while 40

The Competitor orientation, Tech orientation and Customer Orientation Essay

The Competitor orientation, Tech orientation and Customer Orientation effect on performance through salesmanship and technical selling skills - Essay Example As such, the marketing departments of most companies look into ensuring that the competitor orientation has well stipulated methods by which sales of the employing company shall out-do those of the competitors. The tech orientation seeks to determine the various technological means by which the company can be able to further its sales to the consumers of its products without losing its market base. The customer orientation on itself seeks to define various ways which the company can apply to enable it meet its customers’ tastes and preferences as well as the products’ perceived expectations. Why is research limited regarding the effect of competitor, customer and tech orientations on the company’s performance through salesmanship and technical skills? While no direct answer may be found, this study was conducted with the sole purpose of bringing out this variability. The findings in this study show that the customer orientation selling skills requires the immediate actions by the salespeople. While competitor orientation seem to have more effect on the sales performance, this study reveals that mostly it has been neglected by most marketing managers. Tech orientation seems to what is taking ground at the moment with most companies resorting to the internet to market their products and so a revelation of companies expanding their IT staff reported. The main aim of this study was to understand the effects of competitor orientation, tech orientation and customer orientation on the performance of the company through salesmanship and technical skills. The term "customer service" encompasses an assortment of techniques used by firms to make certain the contentment of a client; from sociable and thoughtful staff to punctual reply when confronted with produce defects. Successful small company owners often cite this feature as one of the most

Lumbar Metastatic Disease Diagnosis

Lumbar Metastatic Disease Diagnosis Arlena Davis What additional historical information do you want to collect from the patient? Healthcare professionals are supposed to gather historical information from the patient when diagnosing lumbar pain. Gathering historical information ensures proper diagnosis of lumbar pain and treatment. The following historical information would be obtained from the patient. The doctor will determine whether the patient has had any spinal problems since birth. Also, the doctor will determine whether the patient has had lumbar pain before and any treatment. In addition, the physician will determine whether the lumbar pain was sudden or gradual. This is by asking the patient to describe how the pain began. Further, the patient will be required to state what increases or decreases the pain including rest or activity. Additionally, understanding the family history is vital in diagnosing lumbar pain. The health professional should determine if there is family history of lumbar pain. The doctor determines whether the patient is suffering from any disease that might cause the lumbar pain. Injuries and accidents can cause lumbar pain and the health professional should determine if the patient had an accident or injury. Wong,  D.A., Transfeldt, E., Macnab, I. (2007).  Macnab’s backache. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins What additional physical examination should you complete immediately and why? Physical examination is vital when diagnosing lumbar pain. Additional physical examinations are required to determine whether the patient has lumbar pain or not. The patient will do several movements while sitting, lying down and standing. This will make it easy to assess muscular and sensory problems causing the pain. Palpation is critical in identifying the affected area. Palpation helps the doctor feel tenderness and alignment of joints. This helps identify the inflamed lumbar area. Also, examining the leg pulse as pain increases the pulse. General examination of legs and trunk is done to identify the causes of the lumbar pain. Straight leg testing and nerve tests are done to determine whether the patient symptoms are due to pressure on the nerves or nerve compression. Tollison, C.D., Satterthwaite, J.R., Tollison, J.W. (2002).  Practical pain management. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins What differentials should you consider? A differential diagnosis is important when diagnosing lumbar pain as different diseases cause pain. Various diseases affecting the bladder, colon, abdomen aorta and kidney can cause pain. Therefore, different tests should be performed to rule out the diseases. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasounds are critical in ruling out the diseases. Clinical and neurological observations should be done to eliminate the diseases. CT, MRI, blood tests, urine tests, and complete blood tests are needed to differentiate different diagnoses. Beirman, R., Bull, P., Eaton, S.(2011). Cases in differential diagnosis for the physical and manipulative therapies. Australia: Elsiever Australia The clinical scenario suggests what diagnosis? The diagnosis shows that the patient has lumbar metastatic disease. The in house lumbar x-ray showed that lumbar vertebrae had lesions which are a sign for metastatic disease. The metastatic disease causes pain in the lumbar area. Metastatic disease occurs when cancer cells break away from a cancerous tumor and travel though the blood and lymph vessels to other regions including the lumbar vertebrae. The cancer cells settle in the lumbar vertebrae and start to grow and produce new tumors. The metastatic disease compresses or damages nerves and causes pain. Rabbani, S.A., Singh, G. (2007).  Bone metastasis: Experimental and clinical therapeutics. New York City: Springer Why does he have an elevated calcium and alkaline phosphatase? The patient has high levels of alkaline phosphate and calcium. He has alkaline phosphates of 850 and calcium of 11. The high levels of calcium and alkaline phosphates are due to the metastatic disease. Cancer cells affect the bones including lumbar vertebrae and damage them. Calcium is released into the blood as the cancer cells damage the bones. The level of calcium in the blood increases as more bones are damaged. The high levels of calcium in the blood lead to loss of appetite. The levels of alkaline phosphates increase as the damaged bones dissolve. Therefore, the high levels of alkali phosphates and calcium show that the lumbar vertebrae are damaged and have dissolved. The elevated levels of alkali phosphates can also be due to liver damage as the patient has hepatomegaly. Lipton, A et al. (2011). The Science and Practice of Bone Health in Oncology: Managing Bone Loss and Metastasis in Patients With Solid Tumors. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, s1-s30 Why does he have hepatomegaly and elevated ALT/AST? The patient has hepatomegaly which is the swelling of the liver. Cancer metastases cause the liver to swell. The patient has a swollen liver because of the metastatic disease. Cancer cells have spread to the liver and caused inflammation or swelling of the liver. Liver function tests are used to determine liver functioning or the condition of a patient’s liver. The tests include AST and ALT. The AST and ALT tests were done to determine whether the patient had liver damage. AST and ALT levels are raised if the patient has liver damage. The patient’s AST and ALT levels are 600 and 700 respectively. The AST and ATL levels can increase suddenly showing a sudden liver injury or gradually depicting continuing liver damage. Thus, the patient AST and ALT levels are high because he has liver injury caused by the metastatic disease. Wallach, J.B.(2007).  Interpretation of diagnostic tests. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins What additional screening blood test can help you confirm your diagnosis? Why is it used? There are different blood tests that can be used to confirm metastatic disease diagnosis. Blood chemistries can be done. A blood test is done to determine the amount of calcium in the blood. Calcium dissolves in the blood after bones are damages and this increases calcium levels. The patient is said to have metastatic disease if he has abnormal levels of calcium(high levels).A blood test is done to determine the level of alkaline phosphates in the blood as high levels show metastatic disease. A complete blood count can also be done as patients with metastatic bone diseases have no enough red blood cells. Schwab, M. (2008).  Encyclopedia of cancer. New York City: Springer References Beirman, R., Bull, P., Eaton, S. (2011). Cases in differential diagnosis for the physical and manipulative therapies. Australia: Elsiever Australia Lipton, A et al. (2011). The Science and Practice of Bone Health in Oncology: Managing Bone Loss and Metastasis in Patients With Solid Tumors. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, s1-s30 Rabbani, S.A., Singh, G. (2007).  Bone metastasis: Experimental and clinical therapeutics. New York City: Springer Schwab, M. (2008).  Encyclopedia of cancer. New York City: Springer Tollison, C.D., Satterthwaite, J.R., Tollison, J.W. (2002).  Practical pain management. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Wallach, J.B. (2007).  Interpretation of diagnostic tests. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Wong, D.A., Transfeldt, E., Macnab, I. (2007).  Macnab’s backache. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

New Age Of Technology :: essays research papers

New Age of Technology Technology and computers are increasing factors in the collision repair industry. With time being a concern for customers in many cases, the work we do has become easier to manage and faster to produce because of technology. Over the past ten years, equipment technology has increased our productivity. Today, a computerized management system helps you to quickly process repair orders, job costing, and management reporting. Some examples of this new technology are the Shark, Pro Spot PR-10, Magna Rack III, and HVLP.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first example, the Shark, is a computer driven measuring system designed to be operated electronically. Shark is not a modified mechanical or laser system. This is a totally new measuring system designed to be computer driven using ultrasound technology. Unlike mechanical or laser systems, the beam does not need to be level or parallel when it is placed under the vehicle The intelligence of the system automatically calibrates its position in relation to the points being measured. The system re-calibrates itself to the vehicle every time you measure. If you reposition the beam after the first measurement, or if the car moves, the beam will automatically re-calibrate from its new position, still producing the same measurement results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before repairs, Shark provides you with the ability to prove existing damage. This information is good to the vehicle owner and insurance company because it not only explains the cost of repair, but eliminates unnecessary work and surprises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the straightening procedure, Shark will monitor selected underbody and upperbody reference points. Shark then calculates deviations from the manufactures specifications. You can view the whole pulling process, as it happens, live on the colored monitor. When the job is complete, you may command Shark to store or print a report in a variety of formats that you can select, recording the condition of the vehicle as it leaves your shop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example is the revolutionary, Pro Spot PR-10 resistance spot welding system that can add increased profitability and flexibility to any collision repair shop. By pressing the trigger button, the PR-10 electronically provides precise control of the squeeze time, current sensing pre-heat, weld deviation, hold time, cool down and duty cycle. Within seconds, this cycle is completed and you can begin another weld. There is no possibility of an operator rushing a weld because of the pre-timed programming. The operator must wait until the green light has turned on before doing the next weld. The PR-10 assures you of consistent, properly timed welds whether it is the first weld or the hundred and fiftieth weld.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the PR-10 there is no shielding gas or wire to replace and dark

Insights Offered by Shakespeare’s Macbeth

Macbeth, written by English playwright William Shakespeare, is a fictional play set during a deep Christian era, which focuses heavily on the life of Macbeth, a Scottish nobleman. Consistently throughout the play, a number of critical issues and themes are explored and reiterated with the clever use of language techniques and setting. On analysis of the patterns these themes and issues present, the responder is able to recognise a number of insights into the complex structure of human life and emotion.Furthermore, through investigation of Shakespeare's time and audience, we can further understand the context of these insights and how they relate to present day. Ambition is essentially a positive human emotion, however it maintains the ability to manipulate personal decision and influence cause of action. Throughout the play, the power and control of ambition is notably the most crucial element in the development of the plot, and provides a fundamental insight into the manner human em otions operate.To begin Macbeth is initially portrayed as a noble and decent character before meeting the three witches. He is considered loyal to his king and is highly respected amongst his soldiers, â€Å"For brave Macbeth—well he deserves that name—†. Shakespeare characterises this dignified Macbeth through the use of powerful emotive language such as â€Å"worthy gentle men† and â€Å"valiant cousin†. However, upon meeting the witches and hearing the utterance of their prophecy â€Å"All hail king thereafter†, ambition begins to consume him, initiating his mental downfall.Shakespeare emphasises the effect of ambition over Macbeth when he contrasts the once heroic character as â€Å"deceitful, false, avaricious and malicious†. Not only to we see the controlling effect of ambition on Macbeth, but rather it is his wife who begins wild dreams of limitless control as ambition reveals a darker side of human nature. Lady Macbeth, constr icted by this dark desire for power, aggressively persuades Macbeth into murdering King Duncan. We see Macbeth use ambition as a justification to himself when he declares â€Å"Vaulting ambition, which o'er leaps itself and falls on the other â€Å".Shakespeare’s inclusion of the term â€Å"vaulting ambition† demonstrates and emphasises the influence ambition can dictate over human action. Such wild ambition is presented in Macbeth's soliloquy and metaphor â€Å"Life's but a walking shadow†, which implies its inevitable and detrimental nature. Macbeth allows the responder to identify the manipulative nature and control ambition can hold over human emotion. It is through Shakespeare's clever characterisation and use of language techniques that we can analyse the natural process of human emotion and how ambition can act as a catalyst for irrational human behaviour.As such, we establish a key insight into the impact of ambition on human emotion and the destructiv e and unethical behaviour that can result. In Macbeth, the Elizabethan world view and perception of natural order greatly influences the complex mechanics of the play. Shakespeare writes in a time where God’s order was assigned to all aspects of life, from kings to nobles, husband to wife, and men to women. If the natural order was altered, God would become displeased and society and nature would distort until order was inevitably returned to its natural state.The subversion of nature is presented consistently throughout Macbeth; in the tyranny and vicious nature of Macbeth, and also in the ambiguous and abnormal gender profile demonstrated by Lady Macbeth. The corruption of the natural order in Scotland commences upon Macbeth's act of regicide and unjust ascension to kingship. Shakespeare effectively communicates the impact of such unnatural events through the use of powerful natural imagery. Subsequent to Macbeth's murder of Duncan, Dunsinane is engulfed in a violent weathe r of storms and ferocious winds.Lenox describes the evening as, â€Å"The night has been unruly. Where we lay, Our chimneys were blown down and, as they say, Lamentings heard i' th' air† This use of symbolic imagery portrays how Scotland has been overwhelmed by sin. Lady Macbeth further provokes the unsettling of natural order when she begins to plot against the King. At this time, we see her gender ambiguity provoked when she exclaims â€Å"unsex me here, / And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty†.Macbeth become more passive as she begins to assume a more masculine role, and therefore, is subverting the Elizabeth natural order by denying her femininity. In the Elizabethan era, such an unstable and disturbed world was toxic. Inevitably we see the death of Macbeth and his wife as they succumb to the consequence of their actions. Order is finally restored to the land following Malcolm's proper ascension to the throne, highlighting the significanc e of correct order and hierarchy to the Elizabethan Era.Shakespeare’s crucial involvement of natural order and God's will is a powerful inclusion in the play. Through the use of powerful imagery and contrast, Shakespeare allows us to develop an insight into the importance of maintaining correct social order and the consequences of challenging it. In Macbeth, a number of key characters make decisions that result in harsh consequences. Shakespeare allows us to identify the connection between sinful actions and the subsequent guilt and consequence. Within the play, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are both totally consumed by guilt.Upon committing regicide, Shakespeare highlights the overriding guilt of their actions through the use of symbolic imagery. The image of blood is consistently repeated throughout the play and symbolises the unrelenting guilt staining the couple â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? † This is further demonstra ted in Act 5 Scene 1, where Lady Macbeth's mental depreciation and thriving guilt is highlighted when she is presented with the illusion of bloodstained hands as she sleep walks in the night, â€Å"all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Shakespeare also utilises setting well in many of the scenes to represent the evil pervading within the play and around the couple. Images of darkness and night help create this evil setting for the sin committed by Macbeth and his wife, â€Å"let not light see my black and deep desires†. Macbeth allows us to establish an understanding of the consequences of a person's action and the subsequent guilt that follows. Accordingly, we are provided with an insight into the role of choices in human emotion and how a regrettable decision can bring with it not only cruel consequence, but unforgiving guilt.Shakespeare's Macbeth explores several critical issues pertaining to the process of human life and society. Macbeth reflects on human attitudes and reinforces the challenges of human behaviour. The play reiterates the consequences that are linked to sinful action and the guilt that follows, the importance of order and structure in society, and the impact of ambition as a catalyst for irrational human behaviour. These issues provide us with key insights into the complex mechanics and structure of human emotion and society, enhancing our understanding of the play as a whole.

Corruption: Essay and Students

GEORGIA | 45 Youth Against Corruption: An National Essay Contest (Georgia) Summary The project Youth Versus Corruption consisted of a series of discussions culminating in a school essay contest for 14-15 year olds. Students were encouraged to develop and express their attitudes towards corruption and lawfulness, whilst raising their awareness on the issue through discussions with guest speakers and by writing creative essays. This empowering project captivated the interest of students by providing an opportunity for their opinions to be heard at national level, and by inviting famous people to attend discussions at schools.The project was carried out by Transparency International Georgia between September 2003 and February 2004 in 19 schools in six regions of Georgia1. TI-Georgia worked closely with the Georgian Ministry of Education’s Culture of Lawfulness Project. 2 Background â€Å"During this period of injustice in the country ordinary citizens were hurt most. They longed for money to buy bread, and this is the reason why people started mass protests against the government. The government was unable to use force against its people.High officials had committed so many crimes that they could no longer redeem themselves. Each one of them was involved in corruption and everyone was aware of this fact. After the change of government all the corrupt people became very scared, some of them fled the country, others were arrested†¦ â€Å" Zaza Datukshvili (15) Recent research leaves little doubt that the difficult economic and political situation in Georgia can be attributed largely to high levels of corruption. The attitude of citizens to corruption has also been problematic.Although the negative impact of corruption on a larger scale is widely accepted, its effect on everyday life often remains obscured. Where it is recognised, people are generally pessimistic about the prospects of fighting corruption successfully. Consequently, there is an urgent n eed for awareness-raising campaigns that draw attention to the everyday effects of corruption and the effective means to curb 1 2 The regions included Tbilisi, Senaki, Telavi, Tianeti, Batumi, Gori Funded by the Open Society Georgia Foundation, OSGF, and the US Department of Justice 46 | GEORGIAThe project in numbers 19 schools and 589 students took part in this project; 758 questions were asked on the issues of corruption and legality at the meetings with guest-speakers; 411 essays were written during the contest. corruption. This increased awareness is vital for Georgia’s success and the mobilisation of young people is especially crucial in this regard. A course entitled ‘Culture of Legality’, focusing on law and corruption issues, was introduced and piloted in 19 schools by the Ministry of Education in 2002. It was financed by the American National Strategic Information Center.The ministry dubbed the project a success and integrated the course into the curricu lum of grade 9 (14-15 year olds) for the following academic year (20032004). The course became obligatory for all 147 Tbilisi (Georgia’s capital city) schools as well as in those regional schools where the course was piloted. The ministry intends to bring this course to all Georgian schools over the next two years. The project In conjunction with this new course, TI-Georgia carried out a youth awareness-raising campaign, which included a series of discussions, culminating in an essay contest.The project sought to sensitise young people to issues of corruption and legitimacy and to lend greater impact to the anti-corruption programmes already carried out in schools. The essay component in particular gave students the opportunity to express their ideas and to use knowledge gained from the discussions. The contest also sent a signal that society was interested in youth voices. After a selection process, the nine best essays were published in Georgia’s premiere newspaper, 24 Hours, and posted on TI-Georgia’s website.In introducing this campaign to Georgian schools, TI-Georgia worked closely with the Culture of Legality Programme, the Ministry of Education, the Georgian Institute of Public Affairs, and the Anti-Corruption Council of Georgia. TI-Georgia, along with these organisations, offered special prizes for winners, using funds provided by the Soros Foundation. Additionally, prominent panellists in the discussion sessions distributed their books to the students for free. The project also coincided with the pre-revolutionary demonstrations in Georgia, which influenced its implementation. The project commenced in Septem- GEORGIA | 47Carola Huebner-Kruzinna (13), Nicaragua ber and October, just preceding the November 2003 elections followed by the Rose Revolution of 23rd November. People were very preoccupied with the upcoming elections, and, as a result, students and teachers were often absent from school. Planning and organisation The campai gn, Youth Versus Corruption, took place over 6 months. The first month focused on preparation and logistics, during which a project booklet was published with a complete description of the project. The project working group held a meeting with the participant schools’ teachers and Ministry of Education representatives.The working group consisted of a TI coordinator, a professional linguist, a representative of Ministry of Education, a poet, a writer, a lawyer and a journalist. At the first meeting the group discussed the following topics: which issues and questions would best engage the students; the best guest speakers for 14-15 year olds; and how to structure the discussions and essay contest to the age and knowledge level of the students. 48 | GEORGIA Four working meetings were held over two months to establish the form of the contest and a mechanism for evaluating essays.A list of potential guest speakers was established, the format for their discussions was developed, to pics were selected for the essay contest, and project follow-up measures were determined. Students were asked to select the guests they wanted to meet. Their selections included many media representatives. With its extensive network of connections TI-Georgia was able to arrange for these prominent personalities to come speak to the students. Teachers who had taught the Culture of Legality course were contracted as local coordinators for each school.They assisted in organising project events and participated in the preliminary grading of essays. Information booklets and posters were distributed to schools where the discussion sessions were arranged. The following topics for the essay contest were selected: Is injustice the source of corruption, or is corruption the source of injustice? Describe a corrupt person (appearance, life-style) and how they differ from other people; Imagine that you work in an organisation that condones corruption. What would you do? Discussion forums Discuss ion forums were held as a preparatory stage for the essay contest.For each discussion forum, one guest speaker was assigned to each school. In some cases this would be a poet, in other cases, a journalist or famous lawyer. The atmosphere at the events was charged with excitement. The students, especially those from the regions, were thrilled at the chance to meet well-known Georgians they knew from print or television. The parents of the students were also very eager to cooperate and gave useful feedback. The dialogue centred on the students’ personal experiences with corruption, and what they had done to solve or work within the situation.The discussion forums were structured to be interactive. At the beginning of the session, guests would speak about themselves, offer a topic for discussion or invite students to ask questions. TI-Georgia recorded all questions, and used these results to devise essay topics that would be of real interest for the students. Students in the reg ions were more active during the discussions than their counterparts in the big cities and later also took a more independent position in their essays. The urban youth was less optimistic but better informed. In particular, students from schools in the capital were not as active in discus-GEORGIA | 49 sions and were often quite cynical in response to the issues raised. In the more isolated regions, these discussion sessions with famous guest speakers became important events. Although conceptualised as a preparatory stage in the essay contest, it became apparent that the discussion forums were no less important than the contest itself. Student essays were solicited from those schools that participated in the forums. The forums took place during the first few months of the project and the essay contest in the last few months. In sum, there were 19 meetings at 19 separate schools.Each meeting featured one guest speaker and 30-35 students, meaning that, overall, around 600 students part icipated. Essay contest As Georgian school curriculum does not offer specific courses on essay writing, TI-Georgia coordinated a workshop on writing instruction in all participant schools prior to the contest event. The contest then took place on 15th and 16th December 2003. The students were given the three topics outlined above to choose from and two hours to write their essays. They were encouraged to use various written styles to express their opinions on corruption. The evaluation of the essays was conducted in two stages.In order to ensure impartiality, the essays were first evaluated by teachers from other participat- 50 | GEORGIA ing schools. The top ten per cent of essays were selected during this initial evaluation and sent to an independent jury established by TI-Georgia. The jury was composed of a writer, an education official, lawyers, a linguist, and a TI representative. The essays were evaluated on a ten-point system based on four criteria: analytical skill, creativit y, personal expression and command of the Georgian language. Of the over 500 submissions, three winners and eight runners-up were announced.The winning essays, as previously mentioned, were published in the newspaper 24 Hours and on the TI-Georgia website. An awards ceremony was held on 24th December 2003 at the Open Society Foundation Georgia conference hall. TI-Georgia awarded the winners special certificates and prizes. All teachers, jury members, nominated students, partner organisation representatives, guest speakers and donors were invited to the event. Results â€Å"How would corruption be created if there was no injustice? In a just state everything and everyone must serve justice, but does not corruption create injustice?I believe that it is no news for anyone that the truth in Georgia does not have a very big value. Many people ignore the truth and act in an illegal and unjust way. † Tamar Mebonia (15) An evaluation questionnaire was designed to identify changes in students’ views on corruption before and after the programme, and they were disseminated after the contest. The questionnaires also solicited student opinions on which features the programme might add or change, and the students generated a list of potential guest speakers for the next implementation of the project.Empowering students The most important achievements of the campaign were the large number of participants involved and the apparent change in students’ attitudes. Youths that participated in the project learned that their opinions and ideas were valuable and relevant to society. In particular, the interviews revealed that students do have strong views on corruption, but feel that no one is interested in their opinions on the subject. The project was valuable to them as it gave them the opportunity to express their views, which were taken seriously.Furthermore, teachers realised the benefits of discussing the subject of corruption with their students, and of adding such a discussion to the curriculum. GEORGIA | 51 Challenges â€Å"First of all, civil education must become part of the school curriculum, so that the new generation has a different ideology, so that she does not look at injustice as if it were none of her business and so that she takes action in the fight against injustice. She can do this by not offering bribes to the teacher; this will go a long way towards eradicating corruption and injustice. Tamuna Papavadze (15) Although the project was an overall success, TI-Georgia encountered a number of difficulties along its way. For example, the Ministry of Education attempted to control the process and wanted to interfere with the selection of guest speakers and discussion topics. TI-Georgia dealt successfully with this problem by seeking support from other NGOs and putting pressure on the ministry as a collective force. The ministry asked TI not to bring revolutionary activists into schools as guest speakers, at one point goi ng so far as to ask that the project be called off.In addition, they requested that they be informed of the essay topics before staging the contest. Fortunately, TI-Georgia did not make any concessions in these cases, as it had the support of most school officials. The change in administration after the revolution allowed it to continue the second phase of our project without interference. Winning the interest of young people for this project was a central challenge. To this end, TI-Georgia used a few key incentives, including contests and awards, the chance to have an essay published and reach the greater public, and the opportunity to meet major Georgian celebrities.Competitions are not typical in Georgian schools, and the prospect of a contest with awards and public exposure was exciting and motivating for the students. The most difficult and time-consuming part of the project was negotiating with guest speakers and organising their visits. As mentioned before, the project coinci ded with Georgia’s Rose Revolution. This caused a great deal of scheduling difficulty, as most of the planned speakers were active participants in the revolution. In the end, though, TI Georgia successfully held 19 discussions with students in six Georgian regions.Recommendations Most of the participants said that the contest was interesting for them as a way of sharing their opinions, but some still doubted that their ideas would be taken seriously by adults. Therefore, it would be good to expand the distribution of the winning essays, not just to newspapers and websites, but to television stations, radio and other schools. The essays could also be publicly 52 | GEORGIA presented to high-level officials who would then respond directly to the students.There are plans for follow-up projects, specifically to expand the programme to other schools and to first-year university students. Project description by: Lana Ghvinjilia For additional information, please contact: Transparenc y International Georgia at [email  protected] ge The best essays can be read on the website of Transparency International Georgia in English and Georgian language. Address: Transparency International Georgia 18, Rustaveli Ave 0108, Tbilisi Georgia Tel: +995-32-996 615 Fax: +995-32-997 292 Email: [email  protected] ge Website: www. transparency. ge

Charles Manson

Charles Manson Charles M. MansonAllen AzarMrs. KardosTerm Paper3/13/95In this world there are cults everywhere. Whether they're in the US, China, or maybe next-door there is always one common factor, control. Charles Manson was a cult leader in southern California during the sixties. Like all cult leaders Manson had his own small band of followers. His influence was so great that his followers were willing to kill for him at his smallest whim.Charles Manson was very paranoid and was under the influnce that there was to be an upcoming race war. He called this race war "Helter Skelter".Page 1Charles M. Manson was born in Cincinnati on November 11, 1934. His mother Kathleen Maddox, a teenage prostitute, his father was a man remembered as "Colonel Scott." In order to give her bastard son a name she married William Manson. He quickly abandoned the both of them.English: Haight Street, San Francisco, California,...In 1939 Kathleen Maddox was arrested for robbery and Charles was sent to live with his aunt and grandmother. Charles remembered his aunt as a harsh disciplinarian and favored is uncle because he gave him money for the movies and took him on frequent fishing trips. Only when his uncle became ill did his unfit mother come and reclaim her unwanted son and moved to Indianapolis.When Mrs. Manson reclaimed her son she promised that she would take care of him and provide for his every need. Unfortunately, all these promises were soon shattered by liquor and men. She frequently neglected Charles by telling him she would be back in an hour and then not show up for the rest of the night. Sometimes when her guilt took her over she would give him fifty cents and another promise; and at other times she just abused him.When Mrs.

George adams President of SA Recycling Assignment

George adams President of SA Recycling - Assignment Example The business commenced about thirty-five years ago through Adams’ father, who then owned a single scrap metal facility located in Anaheim, which later became known as SA Recycling. The business has grown significantly and now covers forty locations in three states, and has employed 1,500 workers and processes almost two million tons of recycled metals in a year† (Citizen of the Year 2010). Mr. Adams is an attorney by profession, after graduating from â€Å"Western State University in 1984, where he earned his Juris Doctor degree† (Citizen of the Year 2010). Aside from being a lawyer, Adams was also elected as â€Å"Chairman of the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. (ISRI) in 2008. ISRI is a private, non-profit trade association which based in Washington, D.C, also regarded as the Voice of the Recycling Industry† (Citizen of the Year 2010). This group represents more than â€Å"1,600 private, stock and profit corporations who process, acting as b rokers and may also be consumers† (Citizen of the year 2010) of scrap materials such as â€Å"old and new metals, glass, rubber, paper and plastics† (ISRI.org). The advocacies of ISRI are also laudable as they provide education, training, and promoting public awareness on the importance of recycling to help our Mother Earth.

Modern bsuiness in comparative perspective Essay

Modern bsuiness in comparative perspective - Essay Example These include the purchasing power parity, which considers the standards of living of the people in countries under comparison to ascertain their purchasing might and ultimately the measure of GDP. The comparison concludes that some economies are better structured and better performing than the other economies around the world. Some of these better-performing economies have come to be referred to as the major economies of the world with United States, China, the European Union, Germany, and Japan fitting this classification. Questions linger into how they came to attain such a high status in the economic circles and not their peers such as Nigeria, Mexico or Haiti. It is such questions that this essay seeks to address with the major focus on Porter’s national competitive advantage theory in explaining the characteristics and performance of the business systems of major economies. Apart from Porter’s national competitive theory, various theories have been fronted the behaviour, characteristics and performance of business systems of major economies. These theories are referred to as international trade theories. They fall into two categories; that is the historical trade theories also known as classical and mainly centre on the perspective of a country; they are country based. The second category is the modern firm based theories developed in the 20thcentury by theories as a shift from the country-based theories. Among the classical trade, theories include mercantilism theory that asserts a country’s wealth is dependent on its gold, in addition to, silver holdings. The theory holds that the big economies of the world retain their holdings of silver and gold via promotion of exports and hindrance of imports. When the countries are buying more from these big economies instead of selling more to them, they pay the variation in gold as well as silver. The aim of every state is to have a trade surplus and discourage trade

Theoretical perspective Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theoretical perspective - Assignment Example haustive assessment, a nurse will understand the unique features and requirement of every family thereby developing an equally unique care plan, one that suits the family. Furthermore, the assessment criteria as propagated by the theory investigates and assesses every possible feature of a family thereby enhancing the process of obtaining holistic information that helps in diagnosing the psychological and physical wellbeing of every individual in a family. The above theory is the most effective in assessing families. It provides a simple assessment mechanism since it investigates basic demographic features. Additionally, the theoretical perspective is exhaustive since it strives to assess every possible feature that would help portray the uniqueness in both the physical and the psychological wellbeing of an individual. This way, a caregiver will understand the nature of the family unit and the factors affecting the health of every member of the family. Cultural care values rely on the uniqueness of the kinship, religious beliefs, language, worldview, politics, economy and technology among other basic factors (Leininger & National League for Nursing, 2001). The theoretical perspective investigates the effects of such factors thereby developing a holistic diagnosis to every individual in the family unit. Such is an exhaustive criteria often not achieved in other theoretical

Two Lobbies At A Glance Essay Example for Free

Two Lobbies At A Glance Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among the many hotels in Toronto, I decided to compare two hotels on nearly the same 3-star rating grade but with big contrasts. I decided to compare Marriot Residence Inn Hotel and the Drake Hotel. The Drake Hotel, located a bit distant from downtown, got a three and a half star rating for five floors of well-planned rooms, with attractively decorated interior and fun entertainment venues that makes it a hip destination. The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel meanwhile got three star ratings and is centrally located in the downtown making it an ideal destination for business travelers, vacationers and families. It is also located near the famous CN Tower and you can even book a room with panoramic view. Their room prices are different as well with the Marriot Residence Hotel’s room tagged at $232 per night and the Drake Hotel’s room priced at $191 per night. Both hotels boasts of hi-tech facilities, equipment and extensive amenities suited to the interest of the majority of their guests. Both hotels are also voted among the top ten most popular hotels in Toronto with the Residence Inn bagging the top place and the Drake Hotel in the top nine out of a hundred hotels. Both are popular to tourists although the choice of hotel between the two is driven ultimately by their personalities that are often in contrast too.   The hotel lobbies described and differentiated below became a window then to their distinct style of servicing their clients. The cozy lobby of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel (Downtown) against the adventurously hip lobby of the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first thing you will notice upon entering the lobby of one of the most popular hotel in Toronto, Marriot Residence Inn, is the cozy ambiance, clean interior and coordinated colors. The red seats are comfortable and the wooden wall panels create a warm atmosphere. The lobby of Drake Hotel is meant to catch the attention of the adventurous and art lovers. The couches are soft and got a lived-in look to it. The chairs are not matching and there are edgy and colorful art pieces that are included in the lobby. The dà ©cor is meant to vibrate a hip, inviting and cool hotel for those who want that kind of lifestyle. The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel provides better guests reception than those in Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The front desk team of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel is friendly and quick to assist you with your bags and to your room. They are professional but very welcoming that it makes guests feel comfortable instantly. The front desk team of Drake Hotel is helpful and friendly too. However, they seem to lack additional personnel to attend to the guests that are coming in and out. At few times, they let the guests drag their own bags in and make them wait since the reception is busy. Since many of the personnel of Drake Hotel are young, some had attitude in servicing their guests while some are very courteous to everyone. Some complaints on the guest stays are the noisy delivery at the morning of beer supplies and the pulsing beat of the jammed crowd at weekends. The guests of Drake Hotel are mainly composed of art-lovers and young, adventurous ones while the guests of Marriot Residence Inn are mainly composed of family vacationers, professionals and mature tourists.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps it’s the neighborhood around Drake Hotel that made it a popular choice for the hip and the artsy. The Drake Hotel has a hangout bar at its rooftop, lounge and club. It is also near famous bars and within the art community that gladly supports them. The guests of Marriot Residence Inn are treated the classy and comforting hotel amenities and downtown entertainments located around the Marriott while the hotel guests of Drake Hotel are subjected to fast, hip and fun events within the hotel itself.   The CN Tower, which is the tallest vertical structure in the world, stands within the view of the Marriot Residence Hotel while the Drake Hotel boasts of a very interesting art community and buzzing nightlife. The peace and quiet of the Marriot Residence Inn is more relaxing than the vibrant buzz of life in the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If a guest is looking for a relaxing stay and envisioned sublime peace in their hotels then Drake Hotel is not for them Marriot Residence Inn is more suited to the mentioned objective of peace and quiet since the Marriot Residence offers hotel rooms, classy restaurant and a high-end bar. Drake Hotel meanwhile, is the spot for three very famous and very crowded nightspots in Toronto thus noise level and activity buzz is high. One guest stated that when he complained about the noise, he was given an earplug owned by the staff so as he could get a night of sleep. The Marriot Residence Hotel is much suited for family than the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Drake Hotel has a menu of pleasure toys discreetly displayed in the lobby while the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel offers a comfortable and quiet stay. Since the focus of Drake Hotel seemed to be more on the entertainment areas rather than the hotel rooms, it is often jammed with people having a nightlife rather than of guests who are looking for a good bed to rest and a quiet room to sleep into. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many phases in one’s life that one has varying interests and goals. Therefore the timing of choosing one hotel between the two is dependent on the interests of the guests. The Drake Hotel is much suited to the young, hip and outgoing personalities who like to be around art, jamming, nightlife and entertainment. While the Marriot Residence Inn hotel boasts of world-class excellence and quality service that they provide to those who can afford it.  Ã‚   Staying in either of these two hotels is enjoyable as long as your needs are met, your expectations exceeded and the moments you stayed there are hassle-free and enjoyable for you and your companions. Reference: Toronto Hotels. (2008) Trip Advisor. Retrieved January 25, 2008 from http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotels-g155019-Toronto_Ontario-Hotels.html Thesis Outline Two Lobbies At A Glance Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both are nearly in the same 3-star rating. Both are located in tourist interests areas. However some differences are noted upon observation of their distinctive lobbies. Point One: The cozy lobby of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel (Downtown) against the adventurously hip lobby of the Drake Hotel. Marriots Residence Inn’s cozy ambiance, clean interior and coordinated colors Drake Hotel offers colorful art pieces and dà ©cor Point Two: The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel provides better guests reception than those in Drake Hotel. The friendly staff of Marriots Residence Inn The busy and young personnel of Drake Hotel Point 3: The guests of Drake Hotel are mainly composed of art-lovers and young, adventurous ones while the guests of Marriot Residence Inn are mainly composed of family vacationers, professionals and mature tourists. The Drake Hotel has a hangout bar at its rooftop, lounge and club. The guests of Marriot Residence Inn are treated the classy and comforting hotel amenities and downtown entertainments located around the Marriott Point 4. The peace and quiet of the Marriots Residence Inn is more relaxing than the vibrant buzz of life in the Drake Hotel. Drake Hotel‘s high noise level and activity buzz. Marriot Residence offers hotel rooms, classy restaurant and a high-end bar. Point 5: The Marriots Residence Hotel is much suited for family than the Drake Hotel. The Drake Hotel has a menu of pleasure toys discreetly displayed in the lobby Marriots Residence Inn Hotel offers a comfortable and quiet stay for whole family. Conclusion The timing of choosing one hotel between the two is dependent on the interests and preference of the guests.   Staying in either of these two hotels is enjoyable as long as your needs are met, your expectations exceeded and the moments you stayed there are hassle-free and enjoyable for you and your companions.

The consumer pull demand in packaged milk

The consumer pull demand in packaged milk As the topic of the research is The consumer pull demand in (Packaged milk) industry so it involves an in depth study about the nature of the consumer, taste the consumer likes, preferences of the consumer, brand loyalty and many other characteristics related to the consumer and as well as to the product. According to this research topic the most suitable research type suppose to be used is Descriptive Research. This will help to determine the target market and segmentation done in the beverages (packaged milk) industry. Descriptive research is most commonly used and the basic reason for carrying out descriptive research is to identify the cause of something that is happening. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exist with respect to variable or condition in a situation The descriptive research will further help to conduct descriptive surveys to identify the characteristics of consumers who purchase soft drinks, for example mostly consumers tend to live in larger cities; buyers are mostly youngsters, housewives, working people and so on; it will help to determine the market potential; it will help to identify the extent of differences in the needs, perceptions and attitudes of the subgroups. 3.2 Research Hypothesis The following hypothesis will be formulated and tested by the researcher. Ho: The impact of advertising will not effect on consumer demand. H1: The impact of advertising will effect on consumer demand. Ho: Consumer preferences will not be checked about the type of milk they buy. H1: Consumer preferences will be checked about the type of milk they buy. Ho: The reason why customers will not discriminate among different brands H1: The reason why customers will discriminate among different brands. Ho: Extent of competitive forces in the market will not be checked. H1: Extent of competitive forces in the market will be checked. Ho: To analyze the consumer trends not in the market. H1: To analyze the consumer trends in the market. Ho: To monitor the extent to which consumer demand will not be affected by core features of product. H1: To monitor the extent to which consumer demand will be affected by core features of product. 3.4 Theoretical Framework Diagram The theoretical framework has been made with the help of the variables which are related to the consumer pull demand in beverages (soft drinks) industry. With the help of the variables it becomes easy to the study about the relationship between different factors affecting the consumer pull demand. PRICING Market skimming Market penetration Target market Brand image Product Diversity Brand Consumer Choice Convenience Attraction Brand Image Sales External Factors Social Cultural Economic Legal Religious Government Packaging Brand image Eye catching packaging Usage status Advertising Consumer perception Consumer preferences Brand image CONSUMER PULL CONSUMER PULL Distribution Availability Need satisfying Brand image Consumer Buying Power High household income. More than one earning member. Brand image. 3.4.1 Variable Reference List Dependent Variable Consumer pull demand Independent Variable Market stage Distribution Advertising Pricing. Product diversity. Packaging Consumer Buying Power Selective Distribution Core Product Need Satisfying Availability Consumer Perception Consumer Preference Market Penetration Marketing Skimming Target Market Demand Usage Status Brand Image Eye-catching Packaging. External Factors. Product diversity. 3.4.2 Theoretical Justifications of Variables In the framework each variable is related to the consumer pull demand and they show that how each of them affects consumer pull demand in the beverages (milk industry) industry. The variable used market stage effects the sales of milk (packaged milk) industry. Market stage helps to determine the market situation and consumer behaviors according to the changes in the market situations. Market stage includes to determine market life cycle, consumer behavior, product demand which includes that whether the demand is inelastic or elastic and these all end up to see the sales of the soft drinks industry. After doing survey on these all components of the market stage the sales can be maximized. The second variable used in the theoretical framework is distribution this also helps in maximizing the sales in the packaged milk industry. Its very important to make the product available to all the locations so that consumers may feel ease in buying the product. Distribution helps to make the product available and convenient. Distribution also includes giving the time and place advantages to the consumers so that they are able to purchase the product because through all these ways product will be placed at every shop and consumers will have a good image about the product. This will help to increase the sales of the packaged milk. Packaging is a very important aspect in increasing the sales of a product. The packaging of the packaged milk will help the company to gain brand visual and brand identity. For positioning a product good packaging is very essential. Packaging helps to attract the consumers towards the product and from packaging. The product is differentiated from other products. So packaging is considered to be an important element for increasing the sales in soft drinks industry. Advertising is also an important element for increasing the sales of a product. Advertising can be done above the line (ATL) and below the line (BTL). Advertising can also be done through mediums such as television, radio, banners, billboards and newspapers. Advertising helps the product in gaining popularity. This will help to increase the sales. Pricing also helps for the success of the product. Pricing includes the strategies such as market skimming and market penetration. With the help of pricing it becomes easy to identify the target market and by this company can offer the prices which consumers are ready to pay. If the consumer finds the product reasonable so this is positive for the sales of the product. Product diversity plays an important role for gaining the increasing trend in the sales. Product diversity creates brand consumer choice and brand image, it also makes the consumers to get attracted towards the product. Consumers get variety in products so they dont get bore and they keep of buying new variety of products. External factors also increase the sales of the product. External factors include study on demographics, economic conditions, competition, social and cultural forces, technology and lastly the political and legal forces. In marketing external factors have a major influence on products marketing opportunities and activities. So the study of all related factors helps in increasing the sales in the soft drinks industry. 3.5.1 Examples The questions to be asked from the respondents would be based on their liking and what factors make them to buy their referred milk brand. Q1. Do you use packaged milk or loose milk? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª If yes then why à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ªIf no then why - Q2. Which milk brand do you use? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ªOlpers à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Good milk à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Nestle Milk Pak à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Haleeb à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª other please specify - Q.3. which packaged milk do you prefer but unable to purchase due to other factors like expensive, health issues etc? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ªOlpers à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Good milk à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Nestle Milk Pak à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Haleeb à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª other please specify - Q.4. you use packaged milk for which purpose? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Strong bones à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Calcium à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Diet conscious à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Other Q.5. you prefer to buy your particular milk brand forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Disposal packaging à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Expensive packaging à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Attractive packaging à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Health hazards issues à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª other please specify - Q.6. How often do you buy milk? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Daily à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Bulk buying à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Weekly à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Monthly 3.5.2 Population, Working population and Planned sample The population of whole Pakistan is targeted for this survey. Working population is Punjab and planned sample is Lahore. The survey is limited to Punjab and further its restricted to the city Lahore due to the time constraints. As study is confined to Lahore only, therefore, the results may not be generalized well in other cities. 3.5.3 Sample Size Consideration For this study questionnaire will be made to be filled by a total of 100 consumers, living in different locations in Lahore. 3.5.4 Choice of Sampling Technique This is cross sectional study, which will be conducted in a natural setting and it will be covering both descriptive research and as well as causal. It will be based on primary and secondary research. The level of investigation in this study will be focused on the collection of data about consumer preferences in packaged milk industry. In this research the sampling technique used will be probability. And further under probability the technique used will be convenience sampling technique. Convenience sampling is useful in obtaining large number of completed questionnaire quickly and economically and large number of respondents can be obtained quickly. 3.5.5 Field work and Respondents profile This is cross sectional study, which will be conducted in a natural setting and it will be covering both descriptive research and as well as causal. It will be based on primary and secondary research. The level of investigation in this study will be focused on the collection of data about consumer preferences in beverages (soft drinks) industry. The relevant data will be collected through a survey. For this purpose a questionnaire will be designed and distributed among consumers. The questionnaire will include information regarding consumers personal preference, brand loyalty, taste preferences and other factors that attract the consumer. The target population will comprise of both male and female customers but mainly targeted to household wives because they better understand the values and needs of their household members, specially children and youngsters and by making their choice a preference they can judge more easily what they actually want. Consumption of milk is common in every age. For this study the target population will comprise consumers living in different areas of Lahore Chapter 4: Estimates, Analysis and Conclusion 4.1 Estimated Results Hypothesis Ho: The impact of advertising will not effect on consumer demand. H1: The impact of advertising will effect on consumer demand. Analysis From my findings and analysis from questionnaire and pilot study it is estimated that advertising will not affect the consumer demand so, Ho is accepted. 4.2 Analysis of Findings The ratio I found from my analysis is that the maximum age group ranges from 18-25 and 25-35, means that mostly the age group is young and can analyze the factors which can affect the consumer demands. Percentage of age group (35-45) is 22.3%, which is somewhat lower than the age group ranges from 18-35. Age group of 45-55 has a percentage of 8.0%. For above 55 percentage was 5.45 which was comparatively lower than the previous ones. Monthly income of household ranges till 30%, Mostly consumers has a monthly income above 50,000. And then percentage for income 25000-50,000 is 23.3%, for 10,000-25000 consumers percentage was 16.1% which was relatively lower than the30%. Valid percentage I found is 30.4% which for the income group of above 50,000.When I analyzed the occupation for consumers the result collected are that students has a frequency of 15 and their percentage is 15.0% of 100. House wives was the major target market for me so it has a frequency of 60 and percentage I found ou t is 53.6%, and valid percentage for house wives is 60.0, and most of the consumers were self employed the percentage for self employed consumers is 18.8% and their frequency is 21. Another ratio is 3.6% which is for businessman out of 100.and the valid percentage is for housewives which is 60.Percentage for male is 26.8% and frequency is 31. As questionnaire was designed mainly to target the housewives because preference for packaged milk was required, so they have a percentage of 61.6% ad frequency for female is 69.Marital status for married men and women is 59.8% with a frequency of 67, whereas for unmarried it was 29.5% with a frequency of 33.When consumers were asked that either they used packaged milk or loose milk or both the greater percentage is for both, packaged milk and loose milk as well, packaged milk has a percentage of 42.9% and that for both the percentage it is 46.4%.and there is a very small percentage for only loose milk. Consumers prefer to use both packaged mil k and loose milk for different purpose and in different ways.For a milk brand consumers has a higher percentage of 33.9 for Nestle milk pack with a frequency of 38 which is higher than olpers which has a frequency of 28 with a percentage of 25.0% which means that consumers are still loyal to their particular milk brand they try a new product for once but as their taste is developed through out so they are satisfied with their particular milk brand, whereas Haleeb has a percentage of 16.1, Good milk has comparatively lower percentage of 2.7 and consumers has other preferences as well such as flavored milk other than plain milk , they have different choices for milk . Percentage for other milk is 10.7% which includes Nurpur, Nesvita , Nirala and Dairy Queen and flavored milk as well. Higher percentage for Nestle Milk pack shows that still after facing a very tough competition in market with Oplers Haleeb and other competitors Nestle Milk Pack still has its own stand in the market and consumers still prefer Nestle Milk Pack. After analyzing almost 37.5% of the consumers prefer to buy Nesvita, Dairy Queen, Nurpur and Nirala if they are unable to purchase their particular milk brand due to health hazards issues and expensiveness. Although 25 consumers prefer to buy Olpers, and 11.6 % from them has a preference of Good milk whereas Haleeb has a percentage of 10.7 as compare to other brands. Almost 28.6% of the consumers buy their particular Milk Brand for Stronger bones and 33 of them buy for the purpose of calcium which can make your bones and body strong and fit, 17 of them were diet conscious. Consumer prefer their particular milk brand for health hazards issues with a frequency of 48, to avoid bacterial effects which are included in loose milk, 8.9% of consumers prefer their milk brand for attractive packaging which attract them through TVC, Billboards, adds in news paper etc. although 4.5% of them are status conscious and they buy their particular milk brand fo r Expensive packaging. Almost 69.6% of the consumers would buy their particular brand if their brand is changed into uncommon shape and with new features etc, and 18 of them with a percentage of 16.1 would not like to buy it. There are consumers who strongly agree that demand of their particular milk brand is affected by the price cut and their percentage is 14.3 with a frequency of 16.and 47 of them agree with this statement, whereas 34 of them are neutral about their decision whether the demand of milk brand is affected by the price cut or not, 34 consumers agree that their demand of buying a particular milk brand is affected by advertisement, and 64 of them does not agree. Although advertisement of a milk brand is very important for promotion and convincing consumers and giving awareness about their brand, through advertisement consumers can make the mind of consumers to buy their brand, 41 consumers are brand loyal thats why they buy their particular milk brand with a percentage of 36.6, and 23.2% are attracted towards advertisement for the brand and they buy their particular milk brand by watching TV commercials and through different mediums. Consumers are also attracted towards a milk brand for their packaging and their percentage is 24.1. Consumers ranked their quality of milk brand with a percentage of 61.6 and frequency for average is 7.this means that they are satisfied with their milk brand. And for packaging consumers also have a high percentage of 36.6. For pricing consumer has a preference 34.8 being the highest and 7.1 as satisfactory. Availability of their particular milk brand is good as highest percentage is 42.0. While buying milk 52.7 give preference to whiteness of milk, 38.4% gives preference to thickness, where as 50.0% prefer taste of their milk brand before buying and 46.6% of consumers prefer to buy a milk brand which is easy to use. Most of the consumers buy milk daily as their percentage is 51.8 with a frequency of 58. Whereas 24.1% of them do bulk buying, and 15 consumers consume milk weekly .Preference of household member is calculated which is 48 those who frequently ask and 25.9% ask their household member rarely before buying a particular milk and 17.9% of them never asked before buying a milk brand, reason being that mostly questioners were filled by the housewives and they are aware of choice and preference of their household members. Highest percentage of consuming milk is 1 liter and consumption for more than  ½ and 1 liter is 50.9%.and consumers like to buy a milk brand from any well reputed departmental store and 36.6% of them buy their milk brand from near by shop. After analyzing packaged milk there are consumers those who use loose milk and they use loose milk for various purposes like tea, desert, drinking etc with a percentage of 25.9. Consumers those who loose milk over packaged milk has an issue of price as their percentage is 28.6, because price of loose milk is comparatively lower than th e packaged milk. And most of them use loose milk for availability purpose as well with a frequency of 14. 4.4 Limitation of the Study The study is limited by the following factors: The study is confined to Lahore only. Therefore, the results may not be generalized well in other cities. There are many other variables which affect consumer pull demand but will not be considered in this study. It is difficult to determine the precise sample size. The consumers may vary in their interpretation of question 4.5 Conclusion People consume milk in fresh dried and concentrated forms; in grocery stores most commonly sold product to consumers is liquid milk. All types of milk (pasteurized, sterilized, UHT, Packaged) or in bulk are required in a country or locality. New packaging system of milk is a popular and for practical purposes packaged milk powders. From my analysis and finings of questionnaire, pilot study and regression analysis I found out that 58.0% consumer consume milk, and widely used packaged milk is Nestle Milk Pack with a percentage of 33.9. People have different preferences and tastes and they consume milk according to them, consumers also use flavored milk for e.g. chocolate milk, Pakola etc but their percentage is low as compare to plain liquid milk. People living in well developed and posh areas of Lahore like Defence and Gulberg have more preferences of taking packaged milk, while people with lower income bracket prefer to take milk from milk-man. Biggest reason what I find is the exten t and the level of prevailing competitiveness in the milk industry. The marketing plans are of key importance in this regard. Consumers are attracted more to the good that is marketed well. There are many advantages of packaged milk, delicious, hygienic, Status symbol and prevailing prices are justified. Milk is one of the essential diets for every age, it helps building strong bones, and milk is loaded with eight essential vitamins and minerals which are very important and plays a vital role in a human body, and percentage of consumers those who buy milk for health hazards issues are 42.9, and 29.5% of consumers buy milk for disposal packaging, this shows that consumers are quite conscious about their health issues and at the same time they prefer to buy milk which can help them preventing from bacterial affects like cholera, malaria and Diarrhea etc. price but is not affected for consumers because they have to drink milk, and if prices are increased people cannot stop drinking mil k but they adjust accordingly. Although advertising do matters for consumers to know more about their product, and children are attracted towards the jingle that now-a days milk brands are using in their advertisements, because children are more attracted towards packaged milk than loose milk reason being the taste of the packaged milk is more tastier than loose milk packaged milk is healthy, and has no bacterial affects as compare to loose milk. References: Attitude and Usage Trend Study (AUTS). Chocolate Milk. Beverage Usage Attitudes among Consumers. May 2001. International Dairy Foods Association. Milk Facts. 2000 Edition. Washington, D.C.: International Dairy Foods Association. November 2000, p. 34. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Chapter 1, Part 131 (Milk and cream), Subpart B (Requirements for Specific Standardized Milk and Cream). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Revised as of April 1, 2000. Childrens Chocolate Milk Survey. Prepared for National Dairy Council by McDonald Research, Inc. May 1998. Tomashek, K.M., S. Nesby, K.S. Scanlon, et. al. Commentary: nutritional rickets in Georgia. Pediatrics 107(4), April 2001. e45. http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/107/4 Kreiter, S.R., R.P. Schwartz, H.N. Kirkman, Jr., P.A. Charlton, A.S. Calikoglu, and M.L. Davenport. Nutritional rickets in African American breast-fed infants. J. Pediatr. 137: 153-157, 2000. Guthrie, H.A. Effect of a flavored milk option on a school lunch program. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 71: 35-40, 1997. Anderson, G.H. Sugars and health: a review. Nutr. Res. 17(9): 1485-1498, 1997. The American Dietetic Association. Position of The American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 98: 580-587, 1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 5th edition. Home and Garden Bulletin No. 232. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 2000. Guthrie, J.F., and J. F. Morton. Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 100: 43-51, 2000. Washington State Dairy Council 1998, Revised National Dairy Council 2001. Think Your Drink. 2001. National Dairy Council. A protective effect of dairy foods in oral health. Dairy Council Digest 71(1): 1-6, 2000. http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/ NationalDairyCouncil/ Gibson, S., and S. Williams. Dental caries in pre-school children: associations with social class, toothbrushing habit, and consumption of sugars and sugar-containing foods. Caries Res. 33: 101-113, 1999. Bowen, W.H., and S.K. Pearson. Effect of milk on carcinogenesis. Caries Res. 27: 461-466, 1993. Dehkordi, N., D.R. Rao, A.P. Warren, and C.B. Chawan. Lactose malabsorption as influenced by chocolate milk, skim milk, sucrose, whole milk, and lactic cultures. J. Am. Diet. 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