The Sum of All Fears: An Analysis of Institutional Discrimination in the Housing Market and its Effects on The District of Columbia :: Free Essays Online

The Sum of All Fears An Analysis of Institutional Discrimination in the lodgement Market and its Effects on The District of Columbia Owning a home in the neighborhood of ones choice is central to the American dream. approximately all people would agree that the right to pursue the American dream should not be restricted for anyone, regardless of race, creed or national origin. provided for millions of American citizens, and a majority of the District of Columbias residents, major barriers restrict freedom of choice in housing. Even after the passage of dickens Fair Housing Acts, blacks in America, and specifically in the District, face systematic discrimination that serves to perpetuate segregation and white oppression. After being informed almost the topic of this essay, my friend Robert Botta, a Mount Vernon Campus resident asked, Why can I walk around this neighborhood all day and not jibe a black person in a city that is greater than 60 percent black? (Botta). This questio n has an extremely important answer, and it lies in the practices utilise by racist institutions to perpetuate segregation. In our day, the most effective practices are also the most discrete. Steering is the process by which legitimate estate agents award blacks only the homes in their neighborhoods. It is also the first institutional barrier faced by blacks in a struggle for freedom of choice in housing. patently steering perpetuates segregation, leading whites and blacks only to neighborhoods where their races are already predominant. In April 1997 the Fair Housing Council of Greater Washington, with funding from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, released a breed citing discrimination encountered by African Americans and Latinos when they tried to buy a home in the Washington area. A Washington Post article by Carolean Mayer details the results of the study and conveys the prevalence of steering in the Washington area White testers tended to receive more pro mpt attention and were shown more properties within their charge range and in predominantly white areas, the report said. Minority testers, on the other hand, were taken to fewer properties and were shown houses in predominantly black or Latino areas. Blacks were often told that they must qualify for a mortgage before being shown any lists the same requirement was not made of any white tester. (2) Unfortunately, the real estate industry is not the only institutional barrier that blacks must overcome.

Explain the importance of business planning to the survival and growth

Explain the importance of task be after to the survival and growthof organisations.A ancestry organisation plan should always for a business pop off up, the use of thebusiness plan should not stop at that place, and businesses should be supplyconstantly in order to run their business effectively and efficiently. handicraftes have to study about how they are going to plan for survivalor growth, therefore they need to do business planning, to second thebusiness survive and to grow. Business planning marrow the stages thebusiness would need to build up the business. Business planning is awritten document which is used by various many types of deal such as pecuniary advisors such as banks, etc, it shows that the business hastaken the time and discipline to think about where the business is andwhere the business wants to go. This is called a Business Plan.Business planning is essentially about taking a more in depth approachto thinking strategically about the future of the busi ness whilsttaking the businesses present situation into account, when planningBusinesses think about two basic goals, it would be the description ofthe over view of the business idea and provide financial data, to showthat the business is making good money for future developments, thisrecord can be used in future to show financial institutions forexample if the business needs money for a new project in order togrow the business and goes to a bank for some finance, it means if thebusiness can show that the business is doing well then the businesswill be eligible for this finance, it essentially allows the businessto asses the businesses current situation so that they can plan forthe future or make predictions as to what might happen, etc.Many Businesses invest in the time and energy into business planningfor example by planning for a business it can save a lot of money.Should plans go wrong, where if it were planned business would have a stand up plan to correct this situation, it au tomatically saves moneyand time. The most common reason is to obtain financial support fromlenders to operate or expand the business for example in other caseswhere a business might be experiencing trading difficulties, businessplanning is a well process for any business undergoing significantchanges for example if company wants to develop new products, newmark... ...prepared, the profit andloss and cash flow forecasts, These 2 documents help the businesssignificantly and help the business to make decisions in order to growand to survive. If the business needs to borrow money, and as a resultwill have a debt to service, the earnings and Loss forecast will showwhether the business can afford to do this. If, as with the majorityof start-ups, the business will run at a loss for a period of time,the P&L forecast will also indicate how long this is likely to be(based upon achieving the stated sales expectations) and at what pointin its development the business will breakeven. Having dr awn this up,if a P&L forecast shows that the new business is not likely tobreakeven until calendar month 20,Then at least the business will be in informed of there position andwill judge the risk of committing the business manners savings to theventure.Having prepared a business plan, which includes customer and marketresearch, a sales forecast, a promotional strategy, a breakevenanalysis and budgets and financial forecasts, there should then beindications as to how viable the business will be, and the likelyreturns on any investment made.

Essay --

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.0IntroductionThis chapter introduces the definition and importance of node attitude toward health advertisement and followed by how determinants of health advertisement touch the customer attitude toward advertisement.This chapter also discusses the theoretical framework for the four independent variables such as credibility, informative, pleasure and good for economy that influences the customer attitude toward health advertisement. 2.1 health Advertisement According to the Ameri displace Marketing association stated that advertising refer to any paid from of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and service by an identify sponsor. The advertisement is directed toward increasing the sales of the business. The one of the trait of the advertising is for communication, information and persuasion. Advertisement is non-personal communication that map mass media. purchaser evoke get information from the advertisement about the partic ular product that they want to profane. Advertisement create palmy attitude of the customer that lead to the favorable actions.Dofman, woodruff and Wallack (1993) stated that public service advertisement used for selling good health behaviors. Personal behavior will determine their own health status. They turn over that health promotion advertising has been used to benefit the advertisers and industry. The mass media provide the solution of health problem. The public health professionals need to take the seek to use the advertising to change the attention from the personal to social. Health advertisement helps the company to sell their health product such as product that can leave out weight, increase antibody, and multivitamin product. The health rela... ...ponse produce the behavior. The behavior was created by three factors which is pleasure, arousal and sureness. Pleasure refers to a person feel happy in a certain situation. Arousal means that feeling that vary from per son to person in different situation such as bored and excitement. duration dominance refer to the individual feeling which are control in particular situation. When the consumer watches an advertisement thus develop the feeling of like the product and so the willingness to buy it. The advertisement was consider as successful advertisement when the consumer has the ability to recall the brand in the advertisement. A firm can have the private-enterprise(a) advantage if the consumer can recall their brand through the advertisement. The positive attitude of a consumer can easily recall the advertisement than those who has negative attitude toward the advertisement. render -- CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.0IntroductionThis chapter introduces the definition and importance of customer attitude toward health advertisement and followed by how determinants of health advertisement affect the customer attitude toward advertisement.This chapter also discusses the theoretical framework for the four independent variables such as credibility, informative, pleasure and good for economy that influences the customer attitude toward health advertisement. 2.1 Health Advertisement According to the American Marketing association stated that advertising refer to any paid from of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and service by an identified sponsor. The advertisement is directed toward increasing the sales of the business. The one of the trait of the advertising is for communication, information and persuasion. Advertisement is non-personal communication that use mass media. Buyer can get information from the advertisement about the particular product that they want to buy. Advertisement create favorable attitude of the customer that lead to the favorable actions.Dofman, Woodruff and Wallack (1993) stated that public service advertisement used for selling good health behaviors. Personal behavior will determine their own health status. They believe that health promotion advertising has been used to benefit the advertisers and industry. The mass media provide the solution of health problem. The public health professionals need to take the risk to use the advertising to change the attention from the personal to social. Health advertisement helps the company to sell their health product such as product that can lose weight, increase antibody, and multivitamin product. The health rela... ...ponse produce the behavior. The behavior was created by three factors which is pleasure, arousal and dominance. Pleasure refers to a person feel happy in a certain situation. Arousal means that feeling that vary from person to person in different situation such as bored and excitement. While dominance refer to the individual feeling which are control in particular situation. When the consumer watches an advertisement thus develop the feeling of like the product then the willingness to buy it. The advertisement was consider as successf ul advertisement when the consumer has the ability to recall the brand in the advertisement. A firm can have the competitive advantage if the consumer can recall their brand through the advertisement. The positive attitude of a consumer can easily recall the advertisement than those who has negative attitude toward the advertisement.

The Bubonic Plague: A Snapshot of Recovery; A Comparison of Tuscany An

On October 21st 1629, near the border of Switzerland, the Florentine Observer in Milan wrote to Florence reporting that a captain of Lecco arrived in great haste to state virulent plague had been ascertained. In the absence of knowledge concerning the plague, or any way to prevent it, they placed all affairs pertaining to public health in the hands of guards who would naturally be the first line of defense. However, after laborious trial and error, Florence and Tuscany experienced deaths of enormous proportion. In the 17th century the Italian economy entered a long recession. Trade and industry declined, Italian agriculture stagnated, and poverty and banditry increased. Mean objet dart Italy was struck by plague. One of the most advanced move of Italy had fallen from grace. Interestingly, this situation is rather similar to the American recession in 2008. In both, governmental leaders in aftermath-implemented solutions, which helped improve their citizens quality of life, while enhancing the relationship between an individual and the appropriation of goods. The Emblem Of Public HealthAn Unraveled FabricAlong with sudden outbreak, it was widely agreed that the incidence of plague was a great deal greater among the lower classes than that of the upper. Concomitant with any overcrowded or unsanitary conditions, this is logical for despite nobilities more delicate and tender characteristics, they were free to flee and able to throw remedies unable to the common man. With little known about vaccinations, the establishment of a sanitary cordons was the first preventative measure people could resort to besides prayers and processions. In spite of the limited remains of a once fruitful population, the government tried to r... ...Giulia. Histories of a plague year the social and the imaginary in baroqueness Florence. Berkeley University of California Press, 1989. Print. Cipolla, Carlo M.. Before the Industrial Revolution European society and economy, 1000 -1700. New York Norton, 1976. Print.Cipolla, Carlo M.. Cristofano and the plague a study in the history of public health in the age of Galileo. Berkeley University of California Press, 1973. Print.Fletcher, Robert. A tragedy of the great plague of Milan in 1630. Italy The Lord Baltimore Press, 1898. Print.Kleiner, Fred S., and Helen Gardner. Gardners art through the ages a global history. 13th ed. Boston, MA Thomson/Wadsworth, 2009. Print.Labarge, Margaret Wade. A baronial household of the thirteenth century. Brighton Harvester, 1980. Print. Pollitzer, R.. Plague. Geneva World Health Organization, 1954. Print.

Dick as Tragic Hero in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays

Dick as Tragic Hero in accessible is the iniquity Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night tells the story of an American psychiatrist Dick Diver and his wealthy, schizophrenic wife Nicole. We follow the deterioration of the seemingly wonderful, happy marriage of the stylish duad presented in the first book, to the finalizing divorce of the newly empowered and relatively stable Nicole and the slimly broken, yet content Dick. Dicks fall from grace is not entirely surprising considering the weaknesses of his character and the choices he makes throughout the bracing. Portrayed throughout the beginning of the book in a very autocratic light as a wonderful entertainer and the epitome of social grace, Dicks character is not as strong, nor as pure as it first appears. However, Dick is not an entirely bad person. It is actually some of the more positive aspects of his personality that, in combination with the negative aspects, lead to his eventual downfall. Book I of the novel introduces Di ck as the jester on the beach and a gracious host. He seems to enjoy a great respect from the people around him. The positive light cast on Dick at the beginning makes it likely that Dick Diver will ultimately become the hero of the novel, which is an idea that deserves reflexion throughout the novel. But, at the end of Book I, the reader is still not certain of the identity of the main character. It is entirely plausible at that point in the novel to guess that Tender is the Night is actually the story of the young actress Rosemary( LaHood, 27). The majority of the first book revolves around Rosemary and our perspectives of the characters are somewhat stinted by her impressions of them. It is upon her rather idealized impression of... ...the happy, stable and more independent life that she had been missing. Works Cited and Consulted Bruccoli, Matthew J. and Judith S. Baughman. Readers Companion to F. Scott Fitzgeralds Tender Is the Night. Columbia University of South Carolina Pr ess, 1996. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the Night. innovative York, NY Scriber, 1933 Grenberg, Bruce L. Fitzgeralds Figured Curtain Personality and History in Tender Is the Night. In Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgeralds Tender Is the Night, ed. Milton R. Stern. Boston G. K. Hall, 1986. LaHood, Marvin J., ed. Tender Is the Night Essays in Criticism. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1969. Stern, Milton R. Tender Is the Night The Broken Universe. New York Twayne, 1994. Stern, Milton R., ed. Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgeralds Tender Is the Night. Boston Hall, 1986.

Dick as Tragic Hero in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays

rooster as Tragic Hero in put up is the shadow Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night tells the story of an American shrink Dick Diver and his wealthy, schizophrenic wife Nicole. We follow the deterioration of the seemingly wonderful, happy marriage of the stylish couple presented in the first book, to the finalizing divorce of the newly empowered and relatively stable Nicole and the virtuallywhat broken, yet content Dick. Dicks fall from grace is not entirely surprising considering the weaknesses of his character and the choices he makes throughout the novel. Portrayed throughout the beginning of the book in a very positive light as a wonderful entertainer and the epitome of fond grace, Dicks character is not as strong, nor as pure as it first appears. However, Dick is not an entirely bad person. It is actually some of the more positive aspects of his personality that, in combination with the negative aspects, lead to his eventual downfall. maintain I of the novel introduces Dic k as the jester on the beach and a gracious host. He seems to enjoy a great respect from the people around him. The positive light cast on Dick at the beginning makes it likely that Dick Diver will ultimately become the hero of the novel, which is an idea that deserves consideration throughout the novel. But, at the end of Book I, the reader is still not certain of the identity of the main character. It is entirely plausible at that point in the novel to guess that Tender is the Night is actually the story of the young actress Rosemary( LaHood, 27). The majority of the first book revolves around Rosemary and our perspectives of the characters are somewhat stinted by her touch sensations of them. It is upon her rather idealized impression of... ...the happy, stable and more independent life that she had been missing. Works Cited and Consulted Bruccoli, Matthew J. and Judith S. Baughman. Readers Companion to F. Scott Fitzgeralds Tender Is the Night. Columbia University of South Car olina Press, 1996. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the Night. New York, NY Scriber, 1933 Grenberg, Bruce L. Fitzgeralds Figured Curtain Personality and History in Tender Is the Night. In Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgeralds Tender Is the Night, ed. Milton R. Stern. Boston G. K. Hall, 1986. LaHood, Marvin J., ed. Tender Is the Night Essays in Criticism. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1969. Stern, Milton R. Tender Is the Night The Broken Universe. New York Twayne, 1994. Stern, Milton R., ed. Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgeralds Tender Is the Night. Boston Hall, 1986.

Can We Know When to Trust Our Emotions in the Pursuit?

What is actual definition of emotion? There is no actual definition even though the Oxford Dictionary defines it as The part of a persons character that consists of savouring. Emotions are one part of the Ways of Knowing. Primary emotions are * ecstasy * Sadness * Fear * Anger * rage * Disgust those emotions are not learnt, they are inborn, because even born blind or deaf people direct these emotions. So how did emotions help us in getting knowledge during the history? I think, that the best example of this will be war, as its perpetually full of emotions, such as fear, pain, hope, sorrow, divergence and others.All of them makes peoples minds unclear and spoiled so they cant perceive the reality properly. For example, there is a story almost the Second conception War. One German soldier was in a special group of people who was walking through the villages garner supplies. Once they have been ambushed by Russian partisans, they split. After some time passed, this soldier saw a house burning and a woman who was shout inside. He ran into house and saved her, yet on the way back to safe place he has been shot by a Russian soldier. The corking mis comprehending happened that day.The heroism of the German soldier was understood as an attempt to kill a woman but not to safe. It happened because Russian soldier was oer full with the feeling of hatred and offense to a German and couldnt think clearly. The other example of the influence of emotions on our knowledge and its gaining is art and what we feel about it. Mainly those feelings which we experience, for example, in breast of a painting or while reading a book. In my opinion, a good attempt to apologize this would be an example from real life history situation. Once I was in the art gallery, and it was a innovational art exhibition there.The pictures were pretty weird (thats what I thought) and I couldnt understand what they showed. I was thinking about the meaning for a few hours but didnt get it. So when my parents asked me about how was it I answered them that I didnt akin it. Next time I was there with my father and it was the art exhibition of the scenery paintings. I liked them and I understood the exact meaning of them. I felt warmth of the sunny day, cold of the windy winter and sadness of the autumn just because of the emotions they incident to me.Compare to the modern art exhibition where I didnt understand anything because paintings didnt incident any feelings in me that one was much better and it is only because of the feelings inside me emotions. In conclusion, I would say that even though emotions make our minds unclear and make it much more difficult to understand the reality properly, they also help us to understand the unknown things such as paintings or music due to the emotions they are keeping inside them. What is actual definition of emotion?There is no actual definition even though the Oxford Dictionary defines it as The part of a persons character tha t consists of feeling. Emotions are one part of the Ways of Knowing. Primary emotions are * Happiness * Sadness * Fear * Anger * Surprise * Disgust those emotions are not learnt, they are inborn, because even born blind or deaf people show these emotions. So how did emotions help us in getting knowledge during the history? I think, that the best example of this will be war, as its always full of emotions, such as fear, pain, hope, sorrow, loss and others.All of them makes peoples minds unclear and spoiled so they cant perceive the reality properly. For example, there is a story about the Second World War. One German soldier was in a special group of people who was walking through the villages gathering supplies. Once they have been ambushed by Russian partisans, they split. After some time passed, this soldier saw a house burning and a woman who was crying inside. He ran into house and saved her, but on the way back to safe place he has been shot by a Russian soldier. The great misu nderstanding happened that day.The heroism of the German soldier was understood as an attempt to kill a woman but not to safe. It happened because Russian soldier was over full with the feeling of hatred and anger to a German and couldnt think clearly. The other example of the influence of emotions on our knowledge and its gaining is art and what we feel about it. Mainly those feelings which we experience, for example, in front of a painting or while reading a book. In my opinion, a good attempt to explain this would be an example from real life situation. Once I was in the art gallery, and it was a modern art exhibition there.The pictures were pretty weird (thats what I thought) and I couldnt understand what they showed. I was thinking about the meaning for a few hours but didnt get it. So when my parents asked me about how was it I answered them that I didnt like it. Next time I was there with my father and it was the art exhibition of the scenery paintings. I liked them and I und erstood the exact meaning of them. I felt warmth of the sunny day, cold of the windy winter and sadness of the autumn just because of the emotions they incident to me.Compare to the modern art exhibition where I didnt understand anything because paintings didnt incident any feelings in me that one was much better and it is only because of the feelings inside me emotions. In conclusion, I would say that even though emotions make our minds unclear and make it much more difficult to understand the reality properly, they also help us to understand the unknown things such as paintings or music due to the emotions they are keeping inside them.

Social Studies Form 2

Section A INDIAN OCEAN 1. The largest ocean in the world is A. Pacific Ocean B. Arctic Ocean C. Indian Ocean D. Antarctic Ocean 2. The line of latitude that divides the world into two is A. Tropic of caprine animal B. Tropic of Cancer C. Equator D. Greenwich Meridian 3. Which stretch of water is found between East Africa and Madagascar? A. Mozambique Channel B. Red Sea C. Arabian Sea D. Persian gulf 4. Very long ago , the eastern coast of Africa was peopled by a mixture of different tribes who spoke A.Creole language B. English language C. Arabic language D. Bantu language 5. The musical instrument used by Indonesians very long ago was known as A. flute B. valiha C. guitar D. tabla 6. Four super C years ago , Egyptians used to sail to the solid ground of Punt which is actually A. the coast of Somalia B. Kenya C. Tanzania D. Uganda 7. Four thousand years ago , Egyptians used to sail to the country of Punt which is actually A. the coast of Somalia B. Kenya C.Tanzania D. Uganda 8. From what animal is ivory obtained ? A. Cattle B. Camel C. Sheep D. Elephant 9. Which one of the following statements describe plantation farming? A. A company like LONRHO cultivating lollipop cane on a large extent in Mauritius. B. A planter cultivating vegetables on a small plot of republic. C. A small land holder cultivating tea in Mauritius. D. A man cultivating pineapples for his own use. 10. The Arabs travelled in ships called A. Canot a balancier B.Bateau cousu C. Dhows D. Chinese Janks 11. Why did Vasco da gama sail close to the east coast of Africa ? A. They could stop in any country in case of difficulty. B. They had heard of its great wealth. C. They were the greatest European sailors of the time. D. They wanted to trade with Indians. 12. Why are some tankers not able to pass through the suez canal? A. Because are too big B. Because are too small C. Because the roads are renovated D. Because in that respect was no petrol

Aqa Food Anthology Essay

Comp are two school texts from the Anthology, which present different views virtually what we should eat.Text 9 is a newspaper article by John Torode on Why we should all eat inflamed meat that vibrantly explores the issue of eating red meat and with a meat lover posture fighting a passionate argument against the bad boy of British culture reputation meat has. John Torode is a well-known famous person chef and his catch endorses the article with a sense of knowledge and character smiling for the culmination of his love of beef. This article is written to reach out to the general public, to a greater extent so to the health conscious and the skeptics to persuade and guide with to a new way of thinking towards eating red meat and food in general. A really similar purpose is seen throughout text 11, the Vegetarian Society websites S flat simple steps to going- and staying- vegetarian which aim to guide prospective vegetarians to the ultimatum of you are vegetarian through the us e of enabling and reassuring lexis.In text 11 the text is clearly set out into seven steps that are integrated to coincide, by-line an order to which a structured plan flows like a timeline- building up confidence and experience to the reader with the desired effect of easing them in to the direction of becoming vegetarians. This is well-nigh like an instruction manual and by the text being set in steps it is easy for the reader to digest. In comparison the structure of text 9 does not use bullet points but instead is presented in prose, which allows for story telling. scour though the texts are structured differently they are both still informative, instructive and possibly coaxing.Language techniques are chosen carefully to create these types of texts. For instance, Torode uses narrative and inclusive language. Torode begins by using first person pronouns When I first moved in his anecdote of his experiences with meat, this creates a personalized, colloquial effect almost as if he is revealing himself to you do him more likeable and warm, and this is consistent throughout the text as he carries on telling us how hed been raised on the block up making him seem like a down to earth guy who the reader can connect with.Later on in the article Torode employs inclusive language Why? Because we eat too much, in this example Torode also uses rhetoric possibly with the purpose of persuading as it makes the reader think and is a transition to his argument to why this is true. To end the article Torode slips back into the more personal first person narration much like the formalities of a conversation. There is a change of direction in the text from the anecdotal and friendly specter to where he gets serious and then back to very personal and reassuring- this is all formed to be persuasive as the personal address is comforting and the serious facts are used to further persuade the reader.The Seven travel lack some of the fore mentioned techniques. What can be seen instead is a third person narrative throughout the article, thus making it sound little personal but more instructive and informative. The writer uses a brisk selection of lexis making the sentences and whole body of text shorter than text 9. Even though this text is significantly shorter it still manages to come across as concerned and helpful or borrow one from your local library, here its almost like a whisper as if the voice is matched to someone friendly doing you a favor.So even though text 11 is not as colloquial and expressive as text 9 it still uses language in a way that makes it seem slightly informal, neutral and relaxed for the effect of seem reassuring and therefore persuasive. For example the personal caption under the picture of the woman also uses first person pronoun I gave up meat and even uses informal language such as veggie to seem relatable and also down to earth- just like Torode is examineing to sound. This is seen in both texts as a technique to war m to the reader and draw their interest.In text 9 we see a consistent use of expressive lexis which displays passion from the narrator as he tells us we ate platters of it and I loved it. He tells us about my love affair with beef using an array of adjectives (large, smoky, well marbled join of beef) and alliteration (succulent steak) to entice the readers imagination and glorify meat in support of his argument of Why we should all eat red meat. Combined with the use ofhyperballys and negative exaggeration (cholesterol overdose) when speaking of the opposing argument it radiates a consistent sense of passion support up by authoritative facts. All in all creating a very impressive, persuasive argument.How the Vegetarian Societys Seven simple steps does deliver to persuade and guide the reader is quite different from the why we should all eat red meat article in terms of language use. As it is a step-by-step guide it doesnt include a personal story or emotive language like in Torode s article. Instead it uses imperatives and suggestions, (try something new) in every step and modal verbs throughout in a simplistic manner. Perhaps because it doesnt need to be as persuasive since it is aimed at the already prospective vegetarian and therefore it is not opinionated or overly patronizing in any way. The effect of this is that a calm tone is created and each step simply guides the reader- the persuasion is much more subtle.Whilst language is chosen to include and instruct it is also chosen to discriminate against the opposition to ward off possible doubts and reassure the reader, this is used in both texts. In Torodes article he declares, Uninformed customers still worry that here it mocks those who worry about BSE and what it might do. A superior stance is taken here in order to persuade. In text 11 it is strikingly similar as it tells the reader dont be put off by ill-informed scare stories from people who know very little about their own health. Both of these bia s declaratives are used to- once again- effectively comfort and assure the reader.Although not so inclusively as text 9, text 11 uses celebrity endorsement in the form of a picture of Sir Paul McCartney a musician and vegetarian society patron almost like a figure calculate that is encouragement for readers to think that it is more acceptable to follow the views of what we should eat according to them because these famous people do. The rhetorical question posed by Sir Paul apparently, captioned down the stairs the picture is a touch to make the reader think, the words sound wise and are placed there to enliven such thoughts to the reader.This is also seen in text 9 towards the end of the article when Torode very personally tells us My family eatswhich he makes very personal even telling us his childrens names. Torode is using himself as a figure head to the views on what we should eat as after all he is this celebrity chef and if it is good enough for his family- it should be goo d for us?In conclusion the texts argue completely different views on what we should eat but the sought effect on the reader is very similar and this is why there are similarities in the way the texts both try to persuade. They are both different types of texts and therefore the language, tone and techniques vary- text 9 uses a more personal and complex approach in the form of a personal narrative to persuade the reader and create an impressive argument, whilst text 9 is a much more simplistic and subtle informative text.They are both consistently persuasive and lead to the final purpose- of leading, encouraging and communicate the reader through a set of steps or a structured narrative to a new view of what we as the reader should eat. Even though Text 9 is more opinionated both texts are still biased arguments with mainly the purpose of persuasion. I think both texts are very suited to their purpose and although look and are different they interestingly use language for a very sim ilar purpose.

Observation of a Infant/Toddler

Dawnetta Tipton Infant and Toddler Development 10/18/2012 Fall Semester 600pm 905pm Infant Toddler Observations Karen Eaton Dawnetta Tipton OBSERVATION ASSIGNMENT Name Dawnetta Tipton run into 10/2/2012 Time 500pm Age of infant 9 calendar months old This observation took place in the childs grandmother home. Her come across is Laila and she is a 9 months old and she is a bright little girl with pretty black hair and she had 3 ponytails with hair bows and barrettes.I was invited over by the childs grandmother we have been lifters since high school. We were sitting in the Living room of the house, the grandmother and I were sitting on the couch which was black and elderly and Laila was vie on the floor where her grandmother had placed a big blanket which had the cartoon character of the Angry Birds. There were baby toys placed on floor such as a stuffed animal, red and yellow rattle, orange teething room. The blinds were blossom forth and the sun shining in bright on the s crub white walls.There was a black computer desk and chair sitting in the corner of the biography room with a screensaver showing a picture of my friend and her family. My impression of Laila was that she was a bright 9 month old child who was in truth alert and aware of her surroundings. She interacted with me and her grandmother, she unplowed a smile on her portray and made noises and she gave us kisses. She is learning to walk so she went from one end of the sofa to the other end while holding on to the cushions on the sofa.She is very friendly and did not cry while I was there visiting with her grandmother. This child will not be ignored, if she sees that you are not paying her all attention she will crawl over to you and pull up on your pant leg so that she can get the attention desired. Dawnetta Tipton chelas Actions 302pm Laila started to cry while sitting on the floor, her grandmother picker her up from the floor and asked her whats wrong granny baby? , are you thirsty(p ) and the cry became louder, she fixed her a bottle of milk and she stop crying when given the bottle. 07pm Laila is laying on her grandmother while drinking her bottle of milk, she is gazing up looking at her grandmother while we were having a conversation. 312pm Laila gestured for her grandmother to put her down on the floor by stretching her body protrude and she was placed onto the blanket that had been placed on the floor with the toys on it, she picked up the brown teddy bear and started to lick with it. 317pm Laila crawls over to me and pulls on my knee breeches until shes standing up, she put her hands up gesturing for me to pick her up and I picked her up, she began to play with my earrings and laughs come forth loud. 22pm Laila sat on my lap and played with my plate necklace which had a blue sapphire pendant while I lambasteed with her and she was all smiles. 327pm Laila reached proscribed for her grandmother after playing with my necklace became boring to her and h er grandmother reached out for her and she was smiling and she gave her a wet kiss right on grandmothers lips. Dawnetta Tipton 332pm Laila laid her head onto her grandmother chest and closed her eyes, about(predicate) 4 minutes later she was fast asleep. Name Dawnetta Tipton Date 10/2/2012 Time 1pmAge of Child 1 grade 10months This observation took place in the childs home. Kylan is a 1 year and 10 month old little boy who is brown skinned with a short treasured little afro, hes wearing a black & gray Nike jogging suit. In the living room his 3 older siblings were present and as well as his mother. The room was very well kept, there was a red and blue toy box in the corner of the room which contained several different toys kept in it for kylan. There was a brown and tan sofa, loveseat and chair, 40 inch television with a playstation system plugged into it.In which his siblings were sitting on the floor playing a basketball game. The living room walls were beige with a brown bord er going around the top of the entire wall with seashells as the print. The rug was dark brown and fuzzy. My impression of Kylan was that he was very active, hes always on the move doing something. He went over to his toy box and pulled out a small blue toy guard car, he plays with it for about 3 minutes and then goes over to the sibling brothers to try and take the accountant away from the brother closest to the television.Big brother tells him No you too little to play the game and he gets mad and tries to scratch brother face with his leftfield hand. He then Dawnetta Tipton proceed over to his mother raising up both hands for mom to pick him up and she does, he starts trying to talk with mom and hes smiling and gesturing her hands to his face to play the game Peek-a-Boo. This child receives all the attention he needs from his mother and brothers. Childs Actions 2pm Kylan is walking around the living room playing with a little orange basketball, tossing the ball from me to hi s mom. 04pm Kylan now tosses the ball at his 6 year old brother who gets mad and tells mom his little brother is bothering him while hes playing the game, mom tells him to stop, he laughs and runs in the back bedroom. 206pm Kylan is now standing by moms bed and tries to hide when I enter the room, he comes out of hiding and runs pass me back into the living room and jumps up in mom lap and start hugging her neck. 211pm Kylan jumped down from mom lap and starts playing with his blue toy police car, starts to make noise as saying Vroom-Vroom. 13pm Kylan sits on his older brother lap so that he can help big brother play the game, he is now laughing and all excited his brother let him help him play the basketball game. Dawnetta Tipton 220pm Kylan gets up from his brother lap and walks into the kitchen and tries to open the refrigerator, his mother comes into the kitchen and ask him Are you thirsty and he nods his head yes and she gets his sippy cup out and he proceeds to drink his juice . 224pm Kylan climbs up on the sofa and sits down staring at the picture of Spongebob on his cup, he looks at me and smile.Mom put in a DVD of Sesame Street and he proceeds to watch the show. 230pm Kylan has now laid down on the sofa still watching his Sesame Street DVD while playing with his feet. My affinity of the 2 children ages 9 months old and 1 year 10 months old was that both were active children. Both had a lot of energy, and kept busy. The 9 month old was just learning how to walk and the 1 year 10 month old had been walking since 11 months old. The 1 year 10 month old is more vocal than the 9 month old, he can say some words and the 9 month old could make noises and sound.The 1 year 10 month old could show mom that he was thirsty and the 9 month old could only cry to signal to grandmother that she was thirsty. The 1 year 10 month old could climb on the sofa where as the 9 month old could only gesture for psyche to pick up and place onto the sofa. I feel these 2 children were pretty much similar to what they could do just that the 1 year 10 month old was little more advanced in completing the things he wanted to do where as the 9 month old needed assistant from someone.

Lumber-Room Essay

lumber-room The story under(a) analysis was written by Hector Munro, a British novelist and a short-story writer. After his parents death he was brought up by a grandmother and two aunts, one of them was a woman of ungovernable temper, of fierce likes and dislikes, imperious and a moral coward. She was the last psyche who should have been in charge of children. The character of the aunt in The Lumber-Room is Aunt Augusta to the life. The story is ab stunned a little boy Nikolas who lives with his cruel aunt, brother and cousins.One day he commits the offence thus bringing the punishment upon himself, but hes not upset as he is intended to sneak into the lumber-room. He swindles pull more or lessones leg with his aunt and finally gets into the interdict paradise. The main idea of this story is the conflict between unchangeable conventional reality and poesy and intellectual freedom, between dogmatic, pedantic, Philistine mind and poetical imagination. The story is a 3-person narration interlaced with inner thoughts and descriptive passages. The prevailing mood is rather positive, ironical and highly emotional.The text under study squirt be divided into 4 logically complete parts. The inaugural part can be entitled the 1 part of the invention. Nickolas is not going with his small brother and his cousins to the Jagborough sands as his aunt has punished him for his disgraceful conduct at breakfast when he ref apply to eat his satisfying bread-and milk on the seemingly frivolous ground that there was a frog in it. The causations attitude to the aunt is revealed with the attend of the antonomasia aged(a) and wiser and better people and the high-flown adjectives wholesome and frivolous.Nickolas is shown as a very wise and clever boy for his age. In the following paragraph the author resorts to some bookish words such as alleged, profoundly in error, utmost assurance and long sentences to make the reader discover the style of aunts thoughts and haughty treatment of the children. Apart from Nickolas his aunt is described rather directly shes shown as self-confident and self-righteous person who can never admit her mistake. Her false piety is depicted by ironical use of religious words, such as sin and depravity.Judicial and force terminology such as rigorously debarred, skilled tactician conveys the tense atmosphere in the aunt and boys relations. At the time of childrens difference N drops a few decent tears. But he isnt upset as this is just a part of his plan. The second part can be entitled as the 2 part of the plan. N is forbidden to go into the gooseberry garden as hes in disgrace. And his aunt is going to keep an eye on it. But N himself feels perfectly capable of being in disgrace and in the gooseberry garden at the same time. And with the help of the zeugma the author contributes humorous effect in the text.The reader can trace the opposition between the aunt and the boy, which is again reproduced by the military terms, such as sorties, operations, sentry-duty, unauthorized intrusion. This idea also appears in the different attitude to the gooseberry garden. For aunt it is a forbidden paradise and for N its just a mere material pleasure. The descriptive passage of the aunt shows her as a woman of few ideas, with abundant power of concentration. So, during Ns aunt duty, the boy gets the key, which opens the door of the lumber-room. The third part can be entitled in the lumber-room.N gets into the lumber-room and everything is new for him. In the first paragraph we see the repetition of the word it, which indicates Nikolass strong desire to get into the lumber-room. It was carefully sealed but this fact just stirred his curiosity. With the help of the metaphor unimagined treasure and description of the lumber-room (it was dimly lit), the author creates the mysterious atmosphere. Nicholass aunt is shown as rather conservative and mean as she privilege to consign things to dust and damp to preserve them and not to spoil.The metaphorical cognomen living breathing story is apply to show that Nickolas was impressionable, imaginative, full of creative ideas with poetic nature. It is understood indirectly through Nicholass attitude to the tapestry picture, which he sees for the first time but creates a vivid fairytale with a broad number of small details. And the questions used in this paragraph indicate the dynamically developing plot of the fairytale in the Ns mind. The metaphorical epithet golden minutes is used to show that the time Nickolas spends in the lumber-room is very precious.When N finishes with the picture he notices other objects of delight and interest. The great number of epithets used in this part such as objects of delight, (claiming his) instant attention, quaint candlesticks, undreamed-of creatures and the metaphorical expression for the eyes to feast on emphasizes the fact that N isnt used to such unusual things and it makes the opposition to the things i n the house, which are bare and cheerless, dull and shapeless. The use of the exclamatory marks shows highly emotional state of the boy.Suddenly, the vociferate and then shriek of the aunt come from the gooseberry garden. But N smiles as he feels his victory in the war. Being skilled tactician he restores things to their places, shakes some dust on them, creeps from the room, locks the door and replaces the key exactly where he had found it. He saunters into the garden considering himself the winner of the battle. The 4th part can be entitled as The rebellion. Nickolas hears his aunts voice from the gooseberry garden where she gets into the rain-water tank while searching for him and she cant get out as the sides are slippery.She asks him to help but he says that he isnt to go into the garden and suspects her being the Evil One that tempts him to be disobedient. We see without delay that Nickolas pronounces the aunts usual phrase and thus fights her with her own weapon. This idea is proved with the using the metaphor the prisoner in the tank. So, the person who rescues the aunt is a kitchemaid. During the evening tea there is fearsome silence. The children are disappointed with the trip as there was the tide and there was no sands to play on and the metaphor punitive expedition contributes the state of the children.The aunt suffers the situation in the tank and only Nickolas, who is to be in disgrace is satisfied and thinks roughly the continuation of the story pictured in his mind while watching tapestry in the lumber-room. The story ends again with the antithesis of unchangeable conventional reality and poetry and intellectual freedom. On the whole this text appeals to me as it shows the problems of human nature and children up-bringing. The aunt is a conventional person who tries to keep everything as it is, without any change.She has no joy in her life and she brings up the children in the way that leads them to the same attitude to the world. But in sp ite of this, N, a young but highly wise and clever boy, sees the things from the different side. He is very curious he enjoys the world and tries to broaden his horizon. This problem of upbringing is still quite acute and the story helps to see it from another side. Moreover, the author makes an abundant usage of different stylistic devices which produce ironical and humorous effect and helps to ridicule such way of up-bringing through the character of the aunt and this makes the story even more vivid.

Mesopotamian and Egyptian Culture

The main scripture that holds the Christian faith is the Holy Bible. It has existed for a very long time already that it is already considered as an unveiling when it comes to its teachings and the value that it imparts on the readers. Some religions pass water even sprung from Christianity itself, and the basis of their teachings is excessively the Bible. entirely there are some who dispels the notion as the Bible being an institution of knowledge by saying that some parts of the Old Testament has been copied or patterned to other writings from other cultures. This has greatly affected the fundamental law of the Old Testament, since it has to incorporate some materials and in anatomyation from other cultures. It could also just be a coincidence that they assimilate similar points, other than that, neither integrity of them copied the contents of the other.The Epic of Gilgamesh/Gilgamesh as the Babylonian Noah superstar of the great literary pieces to ever exist was the Epic o f Gilgamesh. It talks about how the great Sumerian great power Gilgamesh lived is life. Even though epic was compiled into written form a very long time ago, it has existed way back in 2100 B.C. in another form which is through word of mouth. This just show how long it has already been in circulation, in order to establish a comparison with the existence of the Christians Moses, if he ever existed.Moses, when he came into the scene through the Book of Exodus in the Old Testament, is said to be 800-900 years younger than the Epic of Gilgamesh. With this schooling at hand, it is clear to see that the Epic of Gilgamesh came first, with a head start of 900 years before The Book of Exodus in the Old Testament came into existence.One of the arguable points in the Book of Exodus in the Old Testament was Great Flood that the Lord had given the lands of man. It was d integrity in order to better the earth of the sins of man. However, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, we can see that there was als o a great flood delivered to cleanse the world of sinful flock said(prenominal) content, but different stories. It was Ut-Napishtim who told him about the gods giving such punishments to people.He told Gilgamesh to take down a house and make a boat out of it. He would spare Gilgamesh family and relatives he was also instructed to gather as all the animals and active things that he can spare. Gilgamesh was vey much like the famous Noah who built the Ark on divinity fudges bidding for them to be spared, along with pairs of different animals he can gather. But considering the time frame, it is more like, Noah was very much like Gilgamesh who built a large boat, and God was very much like Ut-Napishtim, who cleansed the lands with a great flood to get rid of sinful people.Gilgamesh and Noah are two different people coming from two different cultures in different time frames. They are very similar in a lot of aspects, especially in the national of the Great Flood. If it was merely a coincidence that they both constructed a great water vessel and rounded up all the animals in the world, no one knows. It is just that These two men were both heroes and icons of their own times, and have made their marks in their own different cultures.The Code of Hammurabi and the Laws of MosesOne of the most historied law maker/leader would be King Hammurabi of the Babylonian Dynasty. He was far-famed for his Code of Hammurabi, a very influential set of laws and corresponding punishments to its violators. He existed around 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C., 300 years before Moses is said to have existed. The point of comparison that is being built-up here is that Hammurabi came before Moses. Most people know that Moses is noted to be the bearer of the Lords 10 Commandments. This is because of some claims saying that even the 10 Commandments, as well as the laws set by Moses or the mosaic Laws were patterned to the Code of Hammurabi.There are several concepts that would attract ones atten tion if hes looking for similarities. One of these concepts is with regards to the regard for parents. For Hammurabi, a son who strikes his father should have his arm cut off. In Mosaic law, if someone curses his parents or is very rebellious, then death is the right punishment. another(prenominal) would be on marriage. For Hammurabi, if a man wishes to leave his family, then he should prepare a fraction of his property and wealth in order for the acquire to raise their children.On the other hand, Mosaic law says that divorce will only be allowed if a spouse becomes indecent or unfaithful. Both Hammurabi and the Mosaic law agreed that death should be the appropriate punishment for both man and woman committing adultery. Incest for them is also unacceptable, and should be dealt with sever punishment, and if necessary, it should be death for those who have committed the crimeTheft is also another aspect of similarity, where both of them condone the act of stealing and robbing from o ther people. In the Mosaic law, whatever living property is stolen and has been killed, should be returned five folds. If it is alive, it should be returned immediately. On the other hand, Hammurabi states that it depends on the social position of the thief, whether he should pay ten-folds or thirty times the original. But for those caught in the act of robbing someone else or stealing someone else property, no matter how valuable it is, the punishment to be given should be death.Finally, the one that showed applicable similarity was on inflicting physical suffering in another person. In Mosaic laws, it depends on the weight of the damage done by the offender. Injuries which are not serious should be given necessary fines, where the offender would pay this fine for the damages he has done to the victim. But for those who have committed serious injury on somebody else, then it would be necessary to exercise taking a life for a life, or a limb for a limb. The Hammurabic rule is the source of the line an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.The Hymn to AtonNot only did the Bible borrowed from the early Mesopotamian societies, they have also extracted some from early Egyptian cultures. Praise fear for the Lord which is found in several verses of the Bible can be traced back to tomb scriptures of some of the great men of Egypt, rulers who have made a great impact on their constituents. They are revered even after their deaths, with poems, songs and hymns being written for them as a form of praise-worship. This has been adopted by some verses in the Bible, showing how the Lord is miraculous, powerful and merciful. Not many of the people know that these verses were patterned from some dead guys tomb scriptures.The Sinai CovenantThe Sinai covenant has been the primer of what seemed to as periodic worship, which is timely, for it was allotted a day in a week for worship. However, there are also other religions that follow this day of the Sabbath, where they would d o nothing else but worship their gods all throughout the day. This is in relation to what the Bible claimed to be the day of worship for its followers.ReferencesAnonymous. Egyptian & Old Testament Scriptural Correspondences. http//www.mystae.com/restricted/streams/thera/egypt.html.Caroll, Robert Todd. Noahs Ark. http//skepdic.com/noahsark.html.Latoundji, David Paul. God at Sinai Covenant and Theophany in the Bible and Ancient near East. Journal of the Evangelical theological Society ( Mar 1999).Nosotro, Rit. Comparing the Content of Hammurabis Code, Mosaic Law, and Justinian Law. http//www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/comp/cw03hammurabijustinlaw.htm.Tolerance, Ontario Consultants on Religious. Comparison of the Babylonian and Noahic Flood Stories. http//www.religioustolerance.org/noah_com.htm. oecumenical Church of God. Did Moses Steal the Ten Commandments? . Worldwide Church of God, http//www.wcg.org/lit/bible/law/steal10.htm.

Review of Mel Gibson as Hamlet Essay

In Franco Zeffirellis hamlet he seems to have no intention of changing the material of the play or giving it both sort of new unique perspective. Some m place settings have been revised or talks moved starting with one character onto the next, but aside from the scene added after Hamlets fathers death where Claudius, Gertrude, and Hamlet argue over his body, being added, the movie is fairly accurate to the original play. From the moving pictures first scene, which happens not on the bulwarks with the phantom of Hamlets father however at the killed lords memorial service, we are bolted into Hamlets anger and disillusionment. Gibson plays him, theres nothing adademic or neurasthenic about this irate youthful man hes not a hypochondriac. Rather, he appears to be somewhat foursquare and plain and all excessively advocated in his shock. Gibsons operation is powerful and extravagant hes comic to watch, and theres never a minute when he appears to be short of what sufficient to the und ertaking hes embraced. At the end of the day, he practically pulls it off. Where Gibson falls flat is in making the part his own. Not even once do we sense the performer feeling his route through with(predicate) the part, taking it inside and re-envisioning it for himself.Gibson peruses the part well, however in his grasp the verse never wakes up. He doesnt thoroughly consider his direction his enormous monologues, discovery them as he comes he presents them, in the same way as an A person whos carried out his homework. Thus, there arent numerous umbrageous corners in this present Hamlets mind. Others in the cast make up sort of for this lack. Theres honest to goodness slightness and franticness, for instance, in Helena Bonham-Carters disentangled Ophelia shes similar to a cloth doll losing its stuffings. Whats more Paul Scofields concise presence as the ruler has an unpleasant gravity. Gibson has no less than one bravura minute, however. It comes when he jumps on his mother (Glen n Close) in her bunk after hes wounded Polonius (the celestially lost Ian Holm), and theres such exposed sexual animosity in the assault and its met with such open ardor from Closes Gertrude that for a signification the relationship appears laden with until now undreamed-of potential outcomes. Its a mixing, nervy meeting. This is Closes best minute as well.Anyhow if the foundations of Gibsons execution are in the twentieth century, Closes are in the nineteenth. Generally she appears corseted and counterfeit, in the same way as a dramatic grande cleaning woman unable to relax. (Her passing scene, however, isa genuine corker.) Bates admissions better as Claudius, especially in the last scene when, by mishap, Gertrude drinks the toxic substance that hed planted for Hamlet, and the look all over turns into that of a terrible doggy sitting tight for its discipline. As an executive, Zeffirelli is preferred with furniture over he is with the Polaroid, until now in this last scene he does animate himself to a swashbuckling thrive. In organizing his Villa, Zeffirelli hasnt exceeded himself or made saddling requests on the parts of his gathering of passel that could be greater enthusiasts of Mel Gibson than they are of Shakespeare. What hes carried out, basically, is strap a couple of skates on its feet and point it downhill. Hes made a populist, honest and determinedly not for the ages.

Marketing Ppt

PROJECT REPORT OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT GUIDED BYPRESENTED BY Prof. T. T. NIRANJANNITIN BANSAL 129278039 RANJAN SAHU 129278041 ROHIT MANGAL 129278053 SAURABH SINHA 129278057 Project Report On Taxonomy of Implementation Problems in VMI Contents executive director summary3 Introduction4 Under the normal clientele model4 vendor Managed Inventory model4 Consignment Inventory4 seller Managed Inventory and Stakeholders Ch ttaboo ensembleenges5 Challenges faced in capital punishment of vender Managed Inventory7 Analysis of Cases of implementing seller Managed Inventory9 Conclusion11 References12 Executive summaryThe goal of Vendor Managed Inventory is to provide a mutually h wizst family where some(prenominal) sides client and Vendor will be able to control the availability and flow of goods more smoothly and accurately. InVMIa manufacturer or distributor assumes the role of roll planning for the customer. Extensive information manduction is required so that the manufacturer/d istributor stooge maintain a high degree of visibility of its goods at the customers location. Instead of the customer re club when its supply has been exhausted, the supplier is responsible for replenishing and creaseing the customer at appropriate levels.Wal-Mart has masteredVMIand is the company against which many early(a) organizations benchmark themselves. This report covers various issues that be to be considered to implement the Vendor Managed Inventory. It is realized in the report that several risks are to be considered speckle executing VMI. The proper analysis is done in seeking the scenarios where one issue becomes a cay factor in deciding to implement VMI or not. Both Marketers and Distributors go through their own issues to challenge the writ of execution of VMI. Focus of the report is to determine taxonomy of slaying problems in VMI.Introduction A means of optimizing Supply Chain performance in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distribu tors account levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributors list data and is responsible for generating purchase arranges. We can see the differences in maintain instrument as Under the typical business model When a distributor needs point of intersection, they place an order against a manufacturer. The distributor is in full(a) control of the timing and size of the order being placed. The distributor maintains the blood line plan.Vendor Managed Inventory model The manufacturer receives electronic data (usually via EDI or the internet) that tells him the distributors sales and stockpile levels. The manufacturer can view every particular proposition that the distributor carriers as well as veritable point of sale data. The manufacturer is responsible for creating and maintaining the inventory plan. Under VMI, the manufacturer generates the order*, not the distributor. * acknowledge VMI does not change the ownership of inventory. It remains as it did prior to VMI . Consignment InventoryWhen the supplier places inventory at a customers location and retains ownership of the inventory. Payment is not made until the item is actually sold. A VMI relationship may or may not involve consignment inventory. Vendor Managed Inventory and Stakeholders Challenges Vendor Managed Inventory primarily have various stakeholders involved which includes Vendor/Manufacturer or distributor and retail merchant. Let us examine challenges faced by each Challenges in VMI Implementation from vendors side High administrative costs Suppliers would have to face high administrative costs.They will have to allocate additional staff resources to properly recognize the replenishment activities that were antecedently managed by the retailer. So to overcome these additional costs, vendors must have to save enough money from the inventory costs and sufficient sales volumes and gross margins tone ending of market grant due to less(prenominal) ledge coverage VMI would help in reducing the inventory which could lead to the less coverage of the shelf position on the retailers shop which might lead to the reduction in the market share for that product.To resolve this issue, vendor can provide more stock keeping units of the same product to aim the shelf space and to maintain the market share. Challenges in VMI Implementation from retailers side Loss of Control If VMI is implemented, then in that location is always a fear in the mind of the retailer that he would loose his control over the operations charge. All the decisions like when to order, how much to keep as inventory and when to sell the product would be managed by the vendor now which can alike have somewhat impact on the profit margin of the retailer.Eg. In many causes, Vendor gives discounts to the retailer if they buy in bulk and hence above mentioned questions become crucial for the retailer from pecuniary point of view. In case of products with high shelf life, he might want to ord er in bulk once, instead of ordering in small lots. Danger of being replaced Retailer would be afraid that after implementing of VMI, when al close to all the operations attention related decisions are taken by the vendor, then the vendor might also think of forward integrating.Hence he would not be fully cooperative in sharing of the data and he would always try to make his presence felt in decision making to army the importance of his role. Fear of losing other vendors The retailer would be afraid of losing other vendors, since in the FMCG business retailers imbibe products from a lot of vendors to maintain variety for the customers. It would be difficult to choose the vendor who will manage the inventory, because the same vendor would be biased towards his products.This would lead to the development of bad relationship between the retailer and the other vendors. After implementation of VMI, forecasting of demand is done by the manufacturer, not by the retailers or distributo rs and it might hit back, if manufacturer is not competent in judging the patterns of the consumer demand. Challenges faced in implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory Personal Factors Trust One of the most important factors which can contribute to the achievement of the VMI is trust and good relationship between the vendor and the downstream retailer.But in the FMCG sector, where at that place are a lot of products in the same segment, most of the retailers are unwilling to share their data related to their sales with anyone, even with their supplier. This leads to the ineffective communication between them and both have to incur huge inventory and management costs. Work ethics and cultural differences Each company has its set of work ethics and work farming and if the difference is huge for a vendor and the retailer, then their decisions would not be reorient. Technical IssuesTechnology is one of the most critical factors in facilitating the implementation of VMI which can also stand as a challenge in the implementation of VMI. A lot of skillful systems would have to be installed for the effective working of the VMI. Some of the technical solutions that can facilitate an effective VMI arrangement include Electronic data trade (EDI). EDI transactions can enable suppliers to efficiently manage customer inventory levels remotely. Replenishment software. These applications allow customers to accurately assess project assist levels (i. . the percentage of requests that can be filled from stock) based on various inventory investments. classify coding or radio frequency identification (RFID). These technologies tag products for tracking purposes and can dramatically alter the speed and integrity of the collection and reporting of consumption data. Forecasting software. These applications gather and analyze information from sales, accounting, order entry, and other business systems, using sophisticated algorithms and predictive modeling techniques t o generate fast, accurate demand forecasts.Investment- A lot of investment would be required to install and maintain any of these systems. Properly equipped work force would be required to operate these tools. Investment would also be required to integrate these tools with each other for efficient functioning of the VMI operations. All this cost would have to be incurred by the vendor and to compensate this cost, he must get returns from the efficient inventory management and higher sales volume due to less stock-outs. Testing- It requires a lot of conviction and money in testing the various VMI systems after installing them.An all-inclusive testing has to be done for the EDI system before giving it a final green flag for the VMI system. Analysis of Cases of implementing Vendor Managed Inventory Lets discuss some cases where VMI is implemented Barilla spa Case Barilla is largest manufacturer of fresh and dry pasta products with more than 1000 SKUs. It has sales of virtually $2B and very stable demand at retail level. Challenges it was facing are as under Retailers didnt have large inventories to accommodate new products introduced from time to time.Stock outs are quiet frequent at DOs. Thin margins for both manufacturers and retailers are adding to the problem. Solution offered through VMI Downstream distribution Center (DC) reports inventory and sales data electronically to Barilla on a daily basis. Barilla is managing the inventory of DC and decides how much to ship to them. According to industry Weeks Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile, 56% of the top 25 plants between 2002 and 2006 have used resident suppliers to manage or replenish inventory.However, the average percentage of purchased materials and components (dollar volume) managed by on-site suppliers is single 13. 7%. So, it seems, there is a time and place for vendor-managed inventory. For example, if youve got an expensive manufacturing line and you ask one of your fall upon suppliers to pu t in the systems and develop the expertise to supply the goods you need on a provided-in-time basis, they will do that if they receive a significant portion of their revenues from you, says Steve Banker, service director of supply chain management at ARC Advisory Group, Dedham, Mass. However, you may have a lot of suppliers where you are only 1% of their total revenue you are not their biggest priority, Banker says. The chances that they will take on added responsibility and costs to manage your inventory is low. So we can see that size of the business does matter in determining the feasibility of implementing VMI.In addition, there is a certain amount of IT integration that has to go on in order to make the VMI relationship work. For suppliers, they need to be able to get your forecasts on a regular basis, make intelligence out of them and have visibility into your inventory levels on an on tone ending basis, says Banker. Turning that into useable intelligence is kind of difficu lt. dispirited and midsized companies often dont have the dedicated IT resources to make that happen, so they struggle. Resident Suppliers Manage/Replenish Inventory (% Of Plants) stratum No Yes 2002 44 56 2003 52 48 2004 48 52 2005 32 68 2006 44 56 2002-2006 44 56 Source Industry Weeks Best Plants 2006 Statistical ProfilePercentage Of Purchased Materials And Components (Dollar Volume) Managed By On-Site Suppliers yr Median Mean Minimum Maximum 2002 5. 0 24. 4 0. 0 100. 0 2003 0. 0 12. 2 0. 0 100. 0 2004 4. 0 15. 2 0. 0 70. 0 2005 6. 0 13. 8 0. 0 67. 0 2006 4. 2 15. 1 0. 0 95. 0 2002-2006 3. 0 13. 7 0. 0 100. 0 Source Industry Weeks Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile Similarly, we have case of P&G which successfully employed Vendor managed Inventory while ODLO isnt so successful in implementing the same.Also companies like RUAG arent having any financial or strategic benefit out of implementing VMI and hence didnt go for it. If we analyze the sector in which they operates we c ome to know, RUAG which is in Airlines sector involves comparatively simpler inventory to maintain while the risk involved in giving away the details was higher. On the other hand, with the scale of business P&G is in, it is beneficial for both manufacturer (vendor) as well as distributor (or Retailer) to implement VMI. It can be seen both scale and sector favors P&G.GRENDENE, one of the worlds largest footwear manufacturers, implemented Agentrics Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution and aligned its product replenishment process with the real demand of regional distributors/customers, thus increasing service level, optimizing stocks and boosting sales. ACHIEVED RESULTS step-up of accuracy in sales forecasts Increase of sales by 47% for participating retailers Improved management of a product mix, by reducing or discontinuing low-performance and low-turnover products Streamlined replenishment of high-performance productsExcellent boilersuit result with customers using the solutio n. VONPAR With Agentrics VMI solution, acquired a full, web-based supply chain KPI tool. Vonpar Refrescos, Brazils fourth largest Coca-Cola bottling company with products reaching 14 one thousand thousand consumers, implemented Agentrics Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution and with it acquired a complete web-based KPI tool. KPIs track internal and client stock levels, demand planning, order administration, as well as automation of Vonpars product replenishment process, improving service and optimizing stock levels, while improving customer relationships.ACHIEVED RESULTS Average sales increase of 26 percent in the first 12 months after the solutions implementation Significant increase in sales of juices, tea and beer, which reflects amend stock planning for greater availability of products at store level Maximized speed in the exchange of sales information at store level Stock optimization allowing Vonpar to have the right product at the right time in the right place Commercial team freed up to concentre on avoiding out-of-stocks. SYNGENTA Implemented Agentrics VMI solution to manage stock jointly with its suppliers.Syngenta, a world-leading agri-business committed to sustainable culture through innovative research and technology, implemented Agentrics Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution to manage stock in conjunction with its suppliers ACHIEVED RESULTS Reduction of communication errors through process automation and visibility to inventories. Today, our customers say that for the first time in the agricultural market, a company is able to co-manage inventory demand like large retail chains, says Marcos Mazza, Supply Chain Manager. NeoGrid has a solution that perfectly suits our business model Syngenta did not have to adapt to the tool, as the solution metall our needs. Marcos Mazza, Supply Chain Manager. Conclusion The main purpose of this report is to highlight the taxonomy of implementation problems in VMI. From the cases visited, we can deduce that various factors play key roles in determining whether to go for Vendor Managed Inventory as there are lot of issues and cost involved in implementing the same.Size of the business, Sector of the business in operation, inter-relationship among stakeholders all plays equally important role in the actual decision making. Though there is no clear cut understanding on whether to implement VMI or not but one can easily concur with increasing role of technology and with dynamic demand it is only going to rise.References Williams, M. (1998). Making Consignment and Vendor-Managed Inventory Work For You. APICSInternational Conference. Schreibfeder, J. (1997). Vendor Managed Inventory theres more to it than just sell products. Effective Inventory. com Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment Committee. (1998)Jointly Managed Inventory Approach Provides a Lower direct of Detail. CPFR. Org http//www. scm. ethz. ch/publications/Practitioner_publications/Niranjan_etal_2011_Are_ you_ready_for_VMI. pdf http//www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? articleid=1620974show=abstract http//openarchive. cbs. dk/handle/10398/8229 http//www. supplyon. com/vendor-managed-inventory_at_zf. html http//www. industryweek. com/procurement/vendor-managed-inventory-size-matters

America’s Foundation

The join States Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson was a statement that was used on July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress to declargon the independence of thirteen American colonies from Britain. It entailed in part the following political independence of every person as provided by vivid law, dependable of revolution. By this, it implied that all Americans were entitled to equal rights and in cases where these rights were breached, eitherone was entitled to revolt against the aggressor.Another part of the announcement was a list of charges against king George who was seen as having dishonored the rights of colonialist therefore was seen as unfit to influence. Lastly, the declaration stipulated conditions to a lower place which people could change their political relation and Britain situation offered a perfect example. thusly it called on to all colonies to relieve oneself off British Crown and claim their independence ( subroutine library of Congres s, 1861, 865). The article of partnership The article of Confederation was the send-off government war paint of America.The article sought to unite several States in America that were initially main(a) under the British regime. It was made in drafts with the last draft made in 1977 and adopted by Continental Congress on November 15, 1977. The article stipulated the rules and ordinance to govern the new found coupled States confederation. Hence with the Article, United States was capable of making wars and settling interstates dispute diplomatically. Furthermore, United States was able to resolve issues concerning western territories.The articles were created with a view of providing granting immunity, Sovereignty and independence of America. With time, it was found that these articles were unable to provide sufficient provisions that would govern the uncouth effectively hence a need for a detailed constitution that would replace the Confederation with the Federal. This pav ed way for the formation of a constitution in 1788 (Jensen, 1970, p 109). The constitution The constitution is the current governing body of law in United States of America.It is the supreme law of United States and is the source of legal authorisation fundamental to the existence of America and all its administrative and judicial bodies within it. It defines three arms of the government the legislative led by Congress, an executive branch led by the President and judicial branch led by Supreme Court. In its description, it stipulates each branch powers that helps eliminate conflict of power during implementation. In addition, it established the federal system of government that gave individual states various rights.It was adopted on September 17, 1789 and has so far undergone twenty seven amendments (Hickey, 1853, 483) Comparison and Contrast between Articles of Confederation, Constitution and Declaration of Independence. There are various similarities and differences in the Decla ration, Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. In comparison, all the above three muniments sought to provide the reign and independence of United States of America. They stipulated that US was a sovereign state that was capable of making laws, negotiating diplomatic traffic and setting up its own army.America, therefore, was free to trade and govern itself under its own laws without any international interference. All three document emphasized on basic human right. This was stipulated through the provision for freedom of movement and expression in the constitution and the Article of Confederation. Equality and sovereignty of each state was as well equally stipulated in three documents. Above all, the document stipulated the rules and regulation that would hence fourth govern United States of America.Breach of which would lead to prosecution and there after a punishment. Similarity among the documents can also be seen in their way of formation where by representatives from various states were chosen to draft them and later sign on the document to authenticate them. In this sense, all the above three document are similar. Contrasts Among the notable differences are in levying taxes. In Articles of Confederation, Congress could only request various states to pay taxes but looking into the constitution, Congress has the right to levy taxes on individuals.On the Executive side, the Constitution provides the president with powers to choose cabinet members and has power to check on the powers of judiciary and legislature, however, the article provided the president with no executive powers and his role was only to preside over the Congress. On amending the constitution, two thirds of both houses of congress and three quarter of senate legislature are needed to amend the constitution under the provision of the current constitution compared to thirteen out of thirteen as provided by the Article.With the Article, it recommended that sovereignty remained w ithin States however the constitution states that it is the supreme law of the land hence sovereignty applies within the seethe of constitution. Regarding trade, Article provided no control of trade within states and no regulation what so ever was make between interstate trades. This implied that there was free movement of goods and services within states without government interference. However, constitution provides for regulation of trades between states and the power is bestowed to the Congress which oversees all these regulations.In formation of an army to provide soldiery support, Article of Confederation awarded no right to the congress to draft troops that would participate in war. Hence, they had to rely on military contribution by various states. In the Constitution, Congress has the power to raise an army that would deal with any military emergency in the country. In conclusion, it can be asserted that without these three documents in US history, the legality of United States of America could be at stake and therefore, it would have become difficult to govern all the states under one government.References Faber H. , Faber, Doris. (1987). We the People The Story of the United States Constitution since 1787. New York Scribners. Hickey, W. (1853). The Constitution of the United States of America With an Alphabetical Analysis the Declaration of Independence Electoral Votes for All the Presidents and Vice-presidents the High Authorities and gracious Officers of Government from March 4, 1789, to March 3. T. K. & P. G. Collins . pp 483. Jensen M. (1970).The Articles of Confederation An Interpretation of the Social-constitutional History of the American Revolution 1774-1781. University of Wisconsin Press. Library of Congress (1861). Catalogue of the Library of Congress. Oxford University. Pp 865. Suksi M. (1993). Bringing in the People A Comparison of Constitutional Forms and Practices of the Referendum. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. US History. Article s of Confederation Vs the Constitution. http//home. earthlink. net/gfeldmeth/chart. art Accessed on February 26, 2009.

Comparing China with the West: What Hofstede taught us about Cultural Consequences Essay

The human beings today is a smaller place than it has ever been, thanks to the speedy and ongoing development of the orbiculate economy we fill become a borderless and cyber-connected community (Hofstede 2001 Kottak 2008 Mead, 2009). This has resulted in great links and more and more interchanges among different depicted objectities. The ease at which we can physically surpass and travel has allowed for the free movement of goods and services across borders increasing trade and investment in impertinent countries. planetary commerce, travel, migration and the media are the forces behind globalisation (Kottak, 2008 Craig and Douglas, 2006). Globalisation has a phenomenal effect on the handicraft world it opens up billetes to potential new markets, allowing them to increase their supply of consumers. Setting the stage for international coaction (Hofstede, 2003) and while doing so, it is reshaping the global economic outlook (World Investment Report, 2005). In despite of this , Osland (1990) points out, that bingle of the barriers to international rail line achievement Is the one erected by grow (p.4). Each civilization breeds its make social-political-economic systems.Essentially, each culture has its own method to conducting furrow. Such methods are intrinsically cultural bound. In order to understand how the different systems pasture one mustiness front understand the set that underlie it. Thus, managers, employees, business partners and other corporate stakeholders must recognise that the methods they use, to make their decisions, solve their problems and deals with other people are all done by reflecting on their cultural backgrounds and perspectives (Mead, 2009 Mott, 2004 Hofstede, 2005).As acknowledged above, globalisation leads to problems in cross-cultural communication. We live in a world where a cultural competency is essential for global business profitability. Over the years there have been many studies conducted on culture. In the 1950s Kroeber and Kluckhohn, where one of the first scholars to provide a theoretical fashion model for explaining culture as a system of integrated values they wanted to characterize differences between national cultures (Kroeber & Kluckhohn, 1963).Since then, many scholars have focused their attention on how national differences affect the decision-making practices of professionals and have produced some open guidelines for cross-cultural understanding (Hofstede, 1980 Adler & Graham, 1986 Black &Mendenhall 1989 Trompenaars, 1994 Triandis, 1994 House et al, 2004). One of the first of these studies, and perhaps the one which has had widespread implications in helping scholars and professionals interested in cultures, is Hofstedes Five Dimension model (5-D). Its primary innovation is to family line national cultures along a number of dimensions.The underlying thesis in these studies is that there are across the country influenced differences in work placed values (Hofstede, 2001 2005). This presented scholars with insight into the composition of national culture and according to Hofstede culture-focused search is becoming more prominent, and understanding culture is becoming increasingly vital (Hofstede, 1994). Even though, Hofstede was not the first study on cross-cultural research, his study succeeded in putting cross-cultural research at the header of international business research (Hofstede, 2001).It is considered valuable in international business and management and due to the suppuration interdependence among nations the need for a better understanding of cultural influence on organisational practices has never been greater (House et al, 2004). A cross-cultural understanding is a prerequisite to an effective entry into an international market (Morder, 1999) as businesses operating in different cultures must maintain a multifaceted approach, developing withdraw skills and agree the interacting cultures, adjusting their norms, practices and perspe ctives to work within another cultures border (Morder, 1999 Selmer, 2009).There have been many enter cases of cultural incompetence, (Selmer, 1999 2000 Hutchings, 2005), outlining how a lack of cultural competence can have devastating effects to the success of business ventures. Thus as we move to a more connected world some top executive expect a convergence on a cultural take aim, to match the significant business transactions that globalisation has inspired by the fact that trade, travel and education has helped facilitate the global economy (Scarborough, 1998). Nonetheless, one must concede that there remains a gulf between cultures created by the different nationalities in the world today.The roots of culture are so deep that they have produced highly divergent values systems, (Scarborough, 1998) and without reconciling these differences and operative around them then there is no hope of successful business relationships between the ones cultural counterparts (Uniser & Lee , 2005). Through the literature, it is suggested that acomparison be conducted between cultures helping to promote better working relationships (Torres and Jones, 2011 Tsang, 2011) The focus of this paper is the Peoples Republic of chinaware (PRC), as it is emerging as a particularly dominant player in the global economic market and the process of globalisation brings us in a global community China will play a central role in this. Thus, understanding it is of the greatest importance.Over the last three decades, China has positioned itself in the epicentre of the global market and the world is stipendiary close attention to this new economic giant. (Detert et al, 2000 Scarborough 1998 Dent et al 2000) much references. Before this prosperous period began, Chinas business environment and economic stability had been predominately controlled by the province. More recently, the country has seen a tremendous surge of economic success due to the relaxing of the state in relation to fo reign direct investment (Euromonitor, 2012).Leading to the increase of the number of foreign business people working within China, resulting in an unprecedented growth in Sino-foreign joint ventures and wholly have foreign firms (Selmer, 1999 Detert et al, 2000). Currently there is an opportunity for growth and prosperity in China, which seems endless and has attracted businesses and professionals to move to China to live and work.The country is now considered the new hub in the international migration order (Pieke, 2011, 40). All this force in the Chinese worry environment has engendered much scholarly attention in exploring and understanding how the Chinese rifle in a business manner, (Detert et al, 2000). Thus, those involved have become acutely aware of the great dissociate between the Chinese cultures and other cultures. The differences in the way one thinks, ones beliefs and how one behaves (Scarborough, 1998).A basic understanding of the core component of Chinas culture i s particularly noteworthy attached the magnitude of China as a trading partner to the rest of the world (Pieke, 2010). Until recently, China was viewed as a mysterious nation that was literally impenetrable (Lightfoot & Almeida, 2007), because they draw their culture from a distinctive, indigenous and philosophic cultural heritage, that dates back thousands of years consequently it is unlike any other economic giant in the global market (Rinder and Starbuck, 1997 Selmer, 2009).Thus, they can bewilder other nationalities that encounter them (Chen, 2001) because they do not identify with the Chinese practices and cultural traditions. It hasbeen suggested that from, a Western perspective, China can be considered the most foreign of foreign places (Selmer, 2009, 42). Thus, in order to infiltrate this dynamic market, one must learn to accept and adapt to, the distinctive business culture that makes China unique (Bond, 1991). ChinaChina is the oldest empire in recorded history it has a continuous recorded history of about 5000 years (Hofstede, 2005) and it is one of the worlds earliest and olibanum oldest civilisations. It is now one of the fastest growing and vibrant economies in the world, (Wang et al 2008) and the world is now paying close attention to this gigantic influential country. The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) was founded on October world-class 1949. (National Bureau of Statistics, 2012a) Below are some facts about the enormous and enigmatic county.BibliographyAdler, N. J., Campbell, N. & Laurent, A. (1989) In search of appropriate methodology from outside the Peoples Republic of China looking in, Journal of International Business Studies, 20, 61-74 Bohlander, G. W., Snell, S., & Sherman, A. W. (2001), Managing Human Resources. (12th ed.), South West College Publications. Bond, M. H. (1991) Chinese values and health A cultural level examination, Psychology and Health An International Journal, 5, 137-152 Bond, M. and Hofstede, G. (1989) The cash va lue of Confucian values, Human brass Management, 8, 195-200.Black, J.S. and Mendenhall, M. (1989), A practical but theory-based framework for selecting cross-cultural training methods, Human Resource Management, 28(4), 511-39. Bratton, J., Sawschuk, P., Forshaw, C., Callinan, M. & Corbertt, M. (2010) sketch and Organisational Behaviour, New York Palgrave Macmillan. Brown, A. (1998) Organisational Culture, 2ed., London Pitman Publishing. Cardon, W. P. (2009) A model of face practices in Chinese business culture Implication for Westerners. Thunderbird International Business Review 51, 19-36. Chen, M. J. (2001), Inside Chinese Business A Guide for Managers Worldwide, Boston, MA Harvard Business School Press China National Tourist Office (2012a) About China, online, procurable http//www.cnto.org/aboutchina.asp accessed 8th August 2012. China National Tourist Office (2012b) Foreign Arrivals by Purpose Jan/ downslope 2010, online, available http//www.cnto.org/chinastats_2010ArrivalsByP urpose.asp accessed 8th August 2012. Chinese Culture Connection (1987), Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18, 143-64. Child, J. (2009) China and International Business in Alan, M. 2nd ed., The Oxford Handbook of International Business Oxford

Breastfeeding

Preparation Outline Lindsay Hamann Topic Breastfeeding Specific finis I want the audience to understand how beneficial it can be for both the nestling and the stick to mamilla feed, even if only for a little bit of time. Thesis Breast milk is topper for your baby. The benefits of breastfeeding extend way beyond basic nutrition. In addition to containing all of the vitamins and nutrients your baby needs in the first six months of life, breast milk is packed with disease-fighting substances that protect your baby from illness. Introduction I. Breastfeeding protects your baby from a long list of illnesses. A.Numerous studies submit shown that stomach viruses, frown respiratory illnesses, ear infections, and meningitis occur less practically in breastfed babies and atomic number 18 less severe when they do happen. Exclusive breastfeeding (meaning no solid food, formula, or body of water at all) for at least six months seems to offer the most protection. B. One study done by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences showed that children who argon breastfed have a 20 percent humbleder risk of dying among the ages of 28 days and 1 year than children who werent breastfed, with longer breastfeeding associated with lower risk. II.The briny immune factor at work during breastfeeding is a substance called secretory immunoglobulin, thats present in astronomical amounts in colostrum. (The first milk your body produces for your baby). The substance guards the baby against invading germs by forming a protective(p) layer on the mucous membranes in your babys intestines, nose, and throat. III. Your breast milk is specifically tailored to your baby. Your body responds to virus and bacteria that are in your body and makes secretory immunoglobulin thats specific to those pathogens, creating protection for your baby establish on whatever youre exposed to.Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800sIV. Breastfeedings protection against illness lasts beyond your baby s breastfeeding stage, too. Studies have shown that breastfeeding can reduce a childs risk of developing certain childhood cancers. Although, scientists dont know exactly how breast milk reduces the risk, however, they think antibodies in breast milk give the babys immune system a boost. Breastfeeding may also help children avoid a host of diseases that strike after in life, such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and inflammatory bowel disease.For babies who arent breastfed, researchers have documented a link between lack of breastfeeding and later exploitation of Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis. Transition There are many advantages to breastfed babies. Body I. Breastfeeding may boost your childs intelligence. A. Various researchers have put a connection between breastfeeding and cognitive development. In a study of more than 17,000 infants followed from birth to 6 1/2 years, researchers cogitate from IQ scores and other intelligence tests that prolonged an d exclusive breastfeeding significantly improves cognitive development. B.Preterm infants with extremely low birth weights who received breast milk shortly after birth improved their mental development scores at 18 months when compared with preterm infants who werent given breast milk. 1. In a later study, researchers found that the high scores held at 30 months, and that the babies who received breast milk were also less likely to be hospitalized again because of respiratory infections. C. Experts say that the emotional bonding that takes place during breastfeeding probably contri savees to some of the brainpower benefits, but that the fatty acids in breast milk may play the biggest role.II. Breastfeeding may protect your child from obesity. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding as a way to help reduce your childs risk of seemly punishing or obese. A. An analysis of 17 studies produce in the American Journal of Epidemiology shows that breastfeeding reduces a childs risk of becoming overweight as a teen or adult. The strongest effect was in children who were exclusively breastfed, and the longer the baby was breastfed the stronger the link. B. Experts think that breastfeeding may affect later weight gain for several reasons 1.Breastfed babies are better at eating until their hunger is satisfied, leading to healthier eating patterns as they grow. 2. Breast milk contains less insulin than formula. (Insulin stimulates the first appearance of fat. ) 3. Breastfed babies have more leptin (a hormone that researchers believe plays a role in regulating appetite and fat) in their system. 4. Compared with breastfed babies, formula-fed infants gain weight more rapidly in the first weeks of life. This rapid weight gain is associated with later obesity.Transition Hopefully youre becoming aware of why breastfeeding is so important especially during the early stages of a childs life. III. Breastfeeding can reduce your stress level and your risk of postnatal depression. A. The National Institute of Health reviewed more than 9,000 women and concluded that women who didnt breastfeed or stopped breastfeeding early on had a higher risk of postpartum depression. B. Many women feel relaxed while breastfeeding. Thats because nursing triggers the release of the hormone oxytocin.Numerous studies in animals and humans have found that oxytocin promotes nurturing and relaxation. 1. One study found that women who had high amounts of oxytocin in their system had lower declension pressure after being asked to talk about a stressful personal problem. Transition So, allows reconsider the benefits of breastfeeding. Conclusion I. Studies are finding new benefits of breastfeeding all the time. The May 2010 issue of Pediatrics, for example, published a study showing that babies who are breastfed are less likely to have fevers after their immunizations than babies who are formula fed.II. Breastfeeding is natural but that doesnt necessarily mean its easy. Dont hesitate to contact your healthcare provider or a certified lactation consultant if you need help or support. Bibliography www. womenshealth. gov/breastfeeding/Share-0 www. webmd. com/parenting/ /breastfeeding-9/nursing-basics-1 -0 http//www. womenshealth. gov/breastfeeding/Share -1 http//www. webmd. com/parenting/ /breastfeeding-9/nursing-basics