Archangel Uriel: The Wisdom Of God

archangel Uriel The read fitting Of divinity fudgeThe garden angelica Uriel is one of the iv garden angelicas that rule over the tetrad corners of the Earth. The proto(prenominal)(a) troika atomic number 18 Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael. Uriel is the least mentioned of these four archangels, if he is mentioned at all. According to most traditions, there ar seven archangels. But even in these accounts, these four ar the intimately prominent. There argon s domiciliatet references to Uriel in scripture. Jewish scripture does non mention the archangels by name. In Christianity, Uriel issues in the Gnostic version of the give-and-take where we learn his name means The unwarranted Of God.Uriel is too know as the angel of Wisdom. His realm is in the mental plane where thoughts, ideas, and creativity reside. As The Light of God, the garden angelica Uriel shines the light of truth and sapience where there is darkness, deception, and confusion. Uriel likewise helps peo ple to control their e fronts, get upive them to leave darkice anger and over tell apart anxiousness, both of which are obstacles to gaining wisdom. The archangel provides guidance in recognizing and avoiding dangerous situations.The Archangel of Salvation, Uriel shows people how to heal and set ashores forgiveness t those who ask. Tradition teaches that Uriel stands before the gates of Heaven and denies entrance to all who claim failed to reach out do God. Uriel as well as offers un trailal forgiveness and holds the keys that unlock the gates.Uriel is mentioned often in apocryphal scripture and other early religious writings that did non set up it into what we now know as The book of account. The archangel is credited with rescuing John the Baptist from the Massacre of the Innocents the king ordered upon hearing about the birth of Jesus. Jewish tradition holds that Uriel examine the doors for lambs blood during the Egyptian plagues. Uriel is also one of the select few angels who are allowed to enter the immediate nominal head of God. During medieval times, Uriel was considered the Blessed source of heat in the winter.In Catholic tradition, Uriel is the patron saint of the arts. He is also the patron saint of science, because of the archangels association with wisdom, and of those confabking the sacrament of Confirmation. The Coptic Christians venerate Uriel. To many other Christians, however, Uriel remains unknown. There is no mention of Uriel in substructureonical scripture. In 745 AD, Pope St Zachary condemned the churchs obsession with angels, saying that it bordered on angel worship which is prohibit by the Ten Commandments. He did, however, approve the reverence of certain named angels. Uriel was one of many angels that were left off of this list.Despite the efforts of Pope St. Zachary, many people cool off venerate Uriel, especi confederate among Kabbalists and Eastern Orthodox Christians. Uriels Feast Day is July 28th as the archang els influence is deemed to peak in the middle of the summer. Uriel stands guard over the summer, guiding the ripening of the grain harvest and the blossoming of a multitude of runers.Making A Connection With UrielConnecting with Uriel is decorous increasingly common among people in the refreshing Age presence and Christians exploring their own deeper sacredity. There is no one correct way to catch up with a company with the Archangel Uriel. What is important is that you find a method that is comfortable for you. Prayer is obviously the most common method for connecting with Uriel. However, the influence of New Age mysticism has caused a growth in the popularity of surmisal as a means of venerating the archangels. Because archangels are ever-present apparitional beings, you can connect with them whenever and wherever you are. Archangels invite a historic tendency to appear to humanity in dreams and visions. This is particularly true of Uriel, who operates primarily in the re alm between the physical and the spiritual.Through PrayerPeople most often beg to Uriel to grant them wisdom. Unsolicited contact with Uriel is rare and is generally associated with mostone becoming a scholar or a prophet of God. Uriel also guides us on our spiritual journey as we trans striving from our genuine physical and carnal nature to one that is to a greater goal holy and of God. The archangel teaches is the path of wisdom and function, guide us to our destiny of being united with God in Heaven aft(prenominal) our death.Uriel is also the angel of music, the arts, science, and prophecy. People who are actively interested in each or all of these areas are encour advanced to reach out to Uriel to intercede on their behalf with God. The archangel helps us to overcome stress in our life, console our principals and allowing us to find inner peace. Whenever life creates seemingly unbearable, Uriel is the archangel who keeps us grounded in our faith and leads us by troub ling and turbulent timesThe patriarchal method people use to reach out to Uriel is through petitioner. The act of praying allows us to carry openedly with God and His angels. Prayer is usually a unidirectional communication from us to the divine as we seek to perk up our voices heard. Occasionally, people forget get hold a directly communicated answer during their appealingnesss. Most often, however, the answers to our appealingness pass by over time.As one of the angel who is allowed to be present with God, Uriel is a powerful ally in your prayer life. God listens to His angels and grants them leeway to act on His behalf. Uriels assignment is to give people wisdom in all things. The archangel guides our decision making and relieves our anxiety. He allows us to think and perceive the world with a clear mind and stable emotions so that we can hasten the right choices that ultimately bring us closer to God. As such, Uriel helps us navigate the spiritual realm and makes ou r en see into Heaven possible.For those who are new to the act of prayer, dinner gown prayers are extremely utile. God and His angels know what we are thinking and what we are leaving to say before we say it. S gutter, God wants us to reach out to Him so that we can use our own free entrust to choose to follow and love Him, thus growing in His spirit. If you have non prayed before, stiff traditional prayers can help to loosen your tongue and open your heart to a prayerful life. Here is an example of prayer you can use as you begin your quest to crate a connection with Uriel, the Angel of Wisdom.A Prayer For WisdomSt. Uriel the ArchangelYou are the Light of GodThe Angel of WisdomPlease pray for meGrant me wisdomSo that I might understand the pull up stakes of GodRelease me from anxietySoothe my brainOpen my heartAnd guide me along the path of righteousnessSo that I might cave in youIn the presence of the gentleAmenA Prayer Of ThanksgivingSt. Uriel, I thank God for the gift o f your guidanceAnd I thank you for the gift of your wisdomArchangel Uriel, you guide my decisions and keep me on the righteous pathYou soothe my mind and bring harmony to my soulYou ease my troubled heart and release me from anxietyFor all of these things I thank you and give you praiseIn the holy name of God our FatherArchangels often answer prayers in shipway that are non immediately clear to. Praying eachday helps to prepare you to understand the answers. Through experience, you lead gain the index to discern the answers to your prayers from mere happenstance. God and His angels are ever present which means they see your life in its entirety while you experience it one moment at a time. Answers to prayer come in Gods time, not mans. Through faith you will understand the answers to your prayers and how they affect your life.Prayer can take place wherever you happen to be. Sacred places homogeneous shrines and churches offer quiet and holy places where we can connect with the divine, nevertheless you do not have to go to those places in order to pray. All you need is your soul, and open heart, and humility. The words will come when you are ready.There are two basic forms of prayer formal and informal. perfunctory prayers are the prayers that are passed down through church tradition or newer prayers that follow the same form. They generally soak up by acknowledging who is being prayed to and honoring or venerating them, The person praying therefore humbles themselves and makes their prayer request. Informal prayers do not follow a traditional form. While their tone is more than reverent than casual verbalise, the words themselves are generally extempore on the spot or are words that are personally relevant to the one who is praying.Connecting With Archangel Uriel Through Traditional Formal PrayerFormal prayer helps us to speak with God and his angels when our own words fail us. When the crowd asked Jesus Christ how they should pray to God, he gav e them The Lords Prayer. Clearly, any form of prayer will charm if it is humble and honest. The use of traditional formal prayers makes the act easier. During stressful situations, we can struggle to find the right words to say. Formal prayer gives us those words as a starting point from which we can add our own words later is we wish.Using a formal prayer also teaches us how to pray on our own. Traditional prayers follow classical structures that, once learned, can be used to craft something more personal. For centuries, people were persecuted and sometimes executed for reciting these prayers. Knowing this makes reciting these prayers today a powerful and humbling experience. studying The RosaryThe Rosary is probably the most well known type of formal prayer. Using a chain of beads, a person recites a serial of traditional prayers venerating the Virgin Mare or reflecting on either moments in their life, lost loved ones, or the Passion of Christ.Rosaries can be used in other ways as well. They can be used for connecting with the archangels by substituting prayers of veneration for the archangel for the Hail Mary prayer used to venerate the Mother of God. A prayer for the veneration of the Archangel Uriel would go comparable thisHail Archangel Uriel, Angel of WisdomYou are ever present with the FatherAnd are Blessed in the eyes of the LordBring me comfort, for I am troubledSo that I might become closer to GodHoly Uriel, the Light of GodGuide me on the path of righteousnessProtect me from evilAnd pray for me, a sinnerTo the Lord our GodSaying the rosary is a prayerful and meditative discipline. Making the rosary a habit will comfort your soul.ChapletsChaplets are akin(predicate) to rosaries, but bittyer and quicker to use. They are also available specifically for diverse saints and the archangels. The Chaplet of The Archangel Uriel consists of the Medal of Uriel, collar beads representing the Holy Trinity, and nine beads that represent the nine choirs of angels. The chaplet can be used in the following manner.The typewriter ribbon Holding the medal between your finger and thumb, recite the Hail Archangel Uriel from above.The first three beads Begin each bead with the words Archangel Uriel, intercede for me so that might become closer to God With the first bead, follow this with the Lords Prayer. Using the next beads, follow the words with the Hail Mary and thus the Glory Be.The nine beads Say these beads in honor of the nine fresh Choirs, or conscionable use them as a novena. Say the following prayer with each bead.Holy Lord, God of power and mightHeaven and Earth are filled with your GloryHosanna in the highestBlessed is He who comes in the name of the LordHosanna in the highest.Closing prayer Upon completion, say the following formal prayer to UrielArchangel Uriel, Fire of GodWith your fiery leaf blade of GodProtect me from evilBring me to the throne of GodOn the day of my reckoningShow mercy on my soulAnd intercede with meTo the Lord God AlmightyChaplets are more convenient that rosaries as they are easier to carry with you and can be said relatively quickly.NovenasA novena is a series of prayers said for nine days in a row. They can be the same prayer, or a different one each day. The nine days of prayer remind us of the nine days the apostles spent in prayer between the Ascension and Pentecost. The days between Ascension Thursday and Pentecost sunlight are the most popular time for saying novenas, but they can be used at any time. Saying a novena to Uriel is often through with(p) around the archangels Feast Day of July 25th or the Feast Day shared with the other archangels, September 29th.Novenas can be said with prayers from prayer books, with chaplets, or y praying the rosary. They can also be used in conjunction with meditative rituals. The Archangel is traditionally associated with the number 9, making novenas a particularly sequester way to seek your connection with him.Connecting Throug h MeditationMeditating is different from praying and is an important addition to your spiritual growth. During prayer you are seeking an audience with the divine. You want to be heard, whether you are offering praise, asking forgiveness, or seeking guidance. Prayer is essentially an act of active communication with God and His angels.During meditation, you are seeking to listen more than to hear. There is a place for communicating while meditation, but the act is more importantly an opportunity to be still in body and mind so that you can receive meanss from heaven. Through meditation, you enter a trance-like state where you are better able to listen to communication from the angels of the Lord. Mediation can be accomplished anywhere. Using a meditative ritual can be a wonderfully holy and cathartic experience. The process of the meditative ritual brings the body, mind, and soul in to a restful and peaceful state. This opens your awareness to the presence of the divine.To begin med itating, you first need to find a quiet and secluded place. The church is an slender place for meditative thinks. Most churches are open between services, allowing people to enter and meditate on the word of God. In Catholic churches, the inner manner where the Eucharist is displayed is the quietest area is perfect for reaching a meditative state. Meditating in the presence of the Body ofChrist is a deeply religious experience. Secluded gardens that are off the beaten path are also wonderful places for meditation. If you do not have penetration to a place like this, however, you can well create a meditative space inside your own home by setting up a shrine using little more than a table, table cloth, candles, and incense. formerly you have found a proper place to meditate, make yourself comfortable and close your eyes. Make yourself become aware of every breath you take, breathing in and out slowly and deeply. As you inhale, tincture yourself breathing in the spirit of the Arc hangel Uriel. As you exhale, allow yourself to release you anxiety and fear. By releasing your anxiety, you make room in your mind and soul for the wisdom which Uriel wants to bestow on you. Meditating is also an excellent way to start your day with energy and focus, or to end your day in a peaceful and reflective state.Visualization during meditation keeps you focused on your objective and helps you to avoid becoming distracted. This is where icons, statues, and images of the Archangel Uriel can be used effectively. These items do nothing of themselves other than to help you remain focused. Do not mistake the images fr the actual presence of the Archangel Uriel, as that would amount to idol worship. Merely let the images help you to create a vision in your own mind that the archangel can fill with his own presence.As you go deeper into your meditation with Uriel, you will see a ray of light. The light will either be white, yellow, or gold, as these are the colors associated with Ur iel. Uriel is known as The Fire Of God, so do not be surprised if you see flames in your vision. The visions of fire or light will join with your actual vision of the Archangel Uriel. This way, you will understand with whom you are present.While meditating, you essential remain passive. Do not try to circumvent or actively understand the messages you are receiving. This can lead to your ego altering the messages in a way that is easier for you to handle. But, this will result in you losing the message from the archangel. You ego is a powerful tool of Satan. To meditate on the message of the archangel, you need to subjugate you ego completely so that you can fully receive the Uriels message. There will be ample time to make sense of that message once the meditation is complete.Connecting With Uriel Through Simply SpeakingInformal conversations with God are becoming common place. Humanity is disciplineing in its collective affinity with God. Where once we could only speak with the Lord in a formal manner, we have learned to converse with God and His angels whenever we olfactory modality the need and in whichever way is most expedient and effective. Developing a habit of casually speaking with the divine is more convenient than making time for formal or ritualized prayer, and makes it easier to stay connected with the divine throughout the day.Formal and informal prayers serve the purpose of teaching us how to pray. From these prayers, we learn to offer praise, remain humble, seek forgiveness of our sins, and accept the will of God. Of these things, remaining humble is vital. To receive the blessing of the Archangel Uriel, we must acknowledge that we are not deserving and ask for these blessings along with his mercy. Pride is another tool of Satan. Thus, we must eliminate our pride to ensure out connection with the archangel.Simply speaking to Archangel Uriel is particularly appropriate during emergencies. When we are suffering, God doesnt expect us to just stop what we are doing, grab our rosary, and find a church. He wants to hear from us immediately, just as Christ called out to Him on the cross. Jesus Christ showed us that we can speak to God just as effectively whether we are in a peaceful garden or under extreme physical and spiritual anguish. Having a chaplet, medal, or regulate handy can give you something to hold on to and focus on, and also serves to help you to make relaxed. However, they do nothing more than that. The items are not magical on their own.The Use Of Writing To Connect With UrielCommunicating with Archangel Uriel through writing is very effective. Not only does it help those who write better than they speak to make a connection, it creates a journal of that communication that can be referenced later. Sometimes the messages we receive from angels are difficult to decipher immediately but become more clear with the passage of time. Creating a written journal of these messages allows you to review them as time g oes by. The journal can also help you to give advice to others who are in your same circumstance, or can persuade people to write to angels on their own.Angelic writing takes two forms automatic dictation and automatic writing. They are similar in that you need to put yourself into a meditative state to begin, as you will be allowing Uriel to use your hands to deliver his message. With both forms, you also need to receive the message without judgment, allowing it to flow directly from the angel to the paper. Modern technology can be used as well by only when replacing your writing instrument with a keyboard.When using automatic dictation to connect with Uriel, you will listening to the message the archangel gives you and writing it down. You will start the process yourself through prayer and meditation so that you can become aware of the presence of Uriel. Nest, write down you question or request for the archangel on a piece of paper. Now, stay ready to write and listen for the ar changels response. It is vital that you write down whatever message you receive, even if it doesnt seem to make sense. The process of interpreting the communication while writing puts the ego in the way of the communication, rendering it invalid. Continue to write whatever you receive until the message stops. Once the communication is over you can then go back and try to understand what you received.Understand also that the answer you receive might not be the answer you want. The Archangel Uriel is wise and knows what is best for us. Often, what is best for us seems confusing or comfortable at first. You must trust these messages through your faith. Also, if the message is confusing, dont try to force meaning into it. Allow time to pass and revisit the message from time to time. Eventually, life experiences and the passage of time will help you to understand what the archangel was telling you.Automatic writing is a little bit different. After asking your question of the archangel, s it completely still and let your pen dwell over the paper. When you start to receive the message, the pen will start to move over the paper on its own. Do not try to influence the motion of the pen. Keeping your eyes closed is a good idea, because you might be tempted to finish a word that you think you recognize when the angel is trying to communicate something else. Keep in mind that the communication might be a picture instead of words. Trying to influence the outcome will result in a communication that is inaccurate and makes no sense.Both forms of angelic writing require you to free your mind completely of all preconceptions and allow the communication to flow freely. Do not allow yourself to edit, correct, or judge the communication. Simply accept what is given to you. If it doesnt make sense, save it and come back to it later. Angelic messages come to us with an understanding of a future that we have yet to experience. Given time, the message and guidance you receive will ma ke perfect sense to you.Connecting With Uriel In Your DreamsArchangels are quite fond of communicating with us through our dreams. When Uriel appears in dreams and visions, the encounter is very intense and intimidating. Archangels are no-nonsense, straight to the point communicators. There is no small talk, they are strictly about their business.Unsolicited interactions with Uriel are extremely rare because so few people can handle the gifts of wisdom and prophecy that Uriel bestows. Should you be visited by Uriel in your dreams, count yourself most fortunate. Uriel only visits those who the archangel believes can handle the intensity of the connection. And, the gift of prophecy he endows people with comes with great responsibility. Uriel is a teacher, and the lessons can be difficult ones. Always remember that, no matter how uncomfortable the message or lesson is, it is being bestowed upon you with love and grace.Reaching out to Uriel in your dreams is not dangerous, nor is it for the faint of heart. You must prepare yourself for the encounter by praying to Uriel to deliver you from fear. The powerful presence of the archangel is known to cause immense fear. This is collectible to the archangels God-like power, and not from any intent from the archangel to cause you to feel white-lipped. Believe that the archangel will not allow harm to come to you, and you should be able to relax and allow yourself to receive his presence.If you want Uriel to appear to you in your dreams, set yourself up before going to bed. Start with several prayers to the archangel. Rosaries and chaplets are perfect for this purpose. Then, as you picture gallery of to sleep, repeat the words Archangel Uriel, allow me into your presence. As you fall asleep, your resting souls will enter the spiritual realm where the archangels reside. There, you will meet Uriel and receive your message.Recognizing The Presence Of The Archangel UrielMaking a connection with an archangel is a deeply reli gious and overwhelmingly emotional experience. These are the angels who will defeat Satan during the end times, who announce the birth of Jesus Christ to the world, and who deliver Gods messages to humanity. But just because a spiritual experience is immensely powerful does not necessarily mean that an archangel is present.Here are some clues to help you recognize when the Archangel Uriel is present.1) You gain new insights and wisdom The Archangel Uriel is designate to give people divine wisdom. If after your attempts to connect with the archangel you find yourself with a new understanding of your situation, you have likely been in contact with Uriel. Connecting with Uriel will cause your focus to move off of your worldly problems and on to God. You will become conscious of the everlasting presence of God and His angels. You might also find that you have received the gift prophecy. With this gift, you will not necessarily be able to foresee the future, but you will clearly see t he consequences of your actions as well as the actions of others, and you will be able to guide people along the path of righteousness.2) You suddenly grow in confidence Your new found wisdom will boost your confidence. You will feel empowered as you set wisely set yourself on the path to Gods glory. This confidence will not resemble cockiness. Rather, you will hold yourself and act in a way that reveals your understanding of Gods will in your life and the life of others. Many will be drawn to you for this, while others will shun you due to their lack of faith in God.3) You will be motivated to help and serve others God and His angels grant these gifts to humanity not to be hidden but to be used to help others. A true connection with Uriel will be a life change in experience. You will feel obligate to use your new wisdom for the good of others, not for your own selfish gain. Interactions with the archangels spur us into action for the glory of God. This motivation to help others will also come with the ability to make positive changes in the lives of others. You will have the Archangel Uriel with you always to help you help others.4) You will see or feel light, fire, and/or electricity Uriel is the Fire of God, and is associates with brightness, heat, and energy. People who have connected with Uriel report feeling an electric charge flow through their body. Some have also seen a flame or fire that burns bitter and bright yet destroys nothing. Although nothing seems to be destroyed by the fire, it burns so hot and bright that you can smell the heat5) The sights, smells, and sounds of Uriel Besides light and fire, Uriel is associated with the colors white, gold, red, yellow, and orange. When the archangel is present, you will smell the pungent and spicy aromas of sandalwood, cinnamon, and nutmeg. You might even have a vision of a beautiful angel dressed in leather and armor and holding a sword of fire, or riding in a chariot holding a bow and arrow. For mo re casual encounters, Uriel will appear dressed in a red tunic with leather sandals or boots. Uriel is also the Angel of Music and the Angel of Poetry. The patron saint of artists and musicians, Uriels presence is always accompanied by the beautiful and poetic music of the Angelic Choir.When you receive a message from Uriel, you will no it to be authentic if you are compelled to act on the message right away. Your new wisdom will excite you and guide you in the right direction. Archangel encounters are highly motivating and life changing. One cannot help but change they way they see and feeler the world after such an encounter.Connections with archangels can also be terrifying. These are powerful spiritual beings that are closely cerebrate to God the Father. The Bible states that no one can set eyes on the Lord and survive. While the same is not true of the archangels, the encounter is indeed similar. Feeling afraid during an encounter with an archangel is entirely natural. If you ask the archangel to remove your fear, you will immediately be out at peace.Asking Uriels Help With Lifes StrugglesThe Archangel Uriel is virtuoso at helping us with our daily struggles. From Uriel we can the wisdom and insight we need to make the right choices on a daily basis. God has assigned Uriel the ask of granting us wisdom in order to bring us closer to Him. This is his greatest gift. Uriel will clear your mind of anxiety and dread, and fill it with holy wisdom. When Uriel presents you with his wisdom, he will change the way you perceive the world, the spiritual realm, and your place in each. You will no longer wee yourself as a mere mortal being. You will understand you place in God eternal plan for the universe. This wisdom will rule your every though and action. You will no longer feel lost. Rather, the way of the righteous will become clear to you and you will follow that path with a content and sacred heart.Also known as the Archangel of Salvation, Uriel helps us with every aspect of our lives. He grants us the power of unconditional forgiveness. He shows us how to turn disappointment and failure into achievement for the glory of God. And, he will be waiting for us at the end of our days here on Earth to grant us access to the Kingdom of Heaven.Archangel Uriel will intercede with God on the behalf of anyone who asks with a humble heart. Our mortal experience is rough, but necessary to prepare our souls for the paradise that awaits us in Heaven. The wisdom Uriel grants us gives us the ability to navigate our way through out most troubling times without straying from our path or losing our faith in the Almighty.Anytime you feel overwhelmed in your life, you should seek guidance from the Archangel Uriel. As the Angel of Music, Uriel can bring all aspects of our life into harmony. If you are not getting along with coworkers, Uriel can bring peace. If you are struggling with problems that you have caused for yourself, Uriel will help you to forgive yourself and find your way out of you self-imposed troth in ways you did not see before making your connection.Asking Uriel For Help With Health ProblemsThe Angel of Music wants our entire life to be in harmony. This includes our spiritual, mental, emotional, and physical health. The archangel understands that our physical well-being takes a toll on our spiritual health and can erode our faith in God. Along with spiritual wisdom, Archangel Uriel gives us the wisdom to make the right choices in regards to our health so that we can take better care of our bodies and treat them as a temple to God.Uriel is also ever-present with God, which makes him a great intercessor whenever we need ameliorate. Asking Uriel to intercede on your behalf when you are ill or injured will bring a multitude of blessings. First, it will open your heart and soul to receive the healing power of God. Second, it strengthens your mind and spirit, which in turn helps you to endure the healing process. Also, Uri el will give you wisdom so that you will be able to take the proper steps to let our body heal. He will bring all the systems of your body in to harmony, so that they can work as one to heal your body on the inside.Uriel is also a worthy ally to have when we find ourselves to be terminally ill. All of us end our lives in the same way. We all must die. When your God appointed time has come, Uriel will be there to protect you and to welcome you at theAptitude Influences Second Language AcquisitionAptitude Influences Second Language AcquisitionSecond verbiage schooling dexterity is featured as strengths which case-by-case students have in the cognitive abilities information touch on during L2 encyclopedism and accomplishment in various stages and within different contexts. Aptitude has conventionally been observed as a key factor in the domain of L2 instruction in which Ehrman and Oxford (1995) propose that its measures are most strongly correlated with L2 proficiency among all the someone differences (ID) variables. Therefore, emphasizing on the way it is measured, its role in the second vocabulary acquisition (SLA) process, and most importantly, the extent to which its factors whitethorn affect L2, cleverness can be confirmed as a strong predictor of academic success in SLA. In this paper, after discussing the nature of expertness in general, a few important aptitude factors which contribute to SLA will be focused.DEFINITION OF LANGUAGE APTITUDEIn an early review paper on aptitude interrogation, Carroll (1981) defines general aptitude as an ability of learning a task, which involves a special inclination towards learning L2 and depends on some combination of persistent characteristics of the learner. In Carrolls specific view, aptitude is separated from achievement and motivation. Also, aptitude must be seen as a stable factor, perchance even innate. Notably, it is not a prerequisite for L2 acquisition and should be distinct from general intellige nce.CARROLLS INITIAL WORKIt is appropriate to start the discussion of aptitude with a review of the work of the American psychologist J. B. Carroll who dominated the area by researched foreign voice communication aptitude and established the parameters within which the sub-field still operates. It is important to report that till date, there has been large-scale work in making use of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) produced by Carroll and Sapon (1959).Carrolls four factors of aptitudeCarroll (1965, 1991) reports that aptitude contains four sub-components, namely, phonemic coding ability, grammatical sensitivity, inductive language analytic ability, and storage. Their descriptions can be expanded and their perspectives can be processed to SLA by using the four factors as described below.Phonemic coding abilityThis is not simply the ability to make sound discrimination, but the ability to code foreign sounds in such a way that they can be recalled later. Sound discriminatio n can be different from one to another however, there is no correlation coefficient between this variation and language learning success. What really correlates is the ability to analyze sound so that it can be done quicker and can be recalled more readily without the need of having immediate rehearsal (Skehan, 1998).Associative memoryThis involves the ability to make connections between stimuli and responses, for instance, foreign language words or equivalents, and to develop such links strength. At the time of the MLAT production, its interpretation reflected the focus on psychology, described it as relatively simple stimulus-response connections, without mentioning more complex memory cheek or representation. Skehan, (1980) has expanded in the recent aptitude research to the conceptualization of memory significantly, to seeing memory as only one part of aptitude but not the most important aspect. Instead, the ability to memorize more auditorily complex material are now viewed a s more powerful predictors of L2 learning. grammatical sensitivityThe ability to understand the contribution that words make in sentences is the main focus in this area. The passive aspect to this ability is to emphasize credit rating of function other than explicit representation (Skehan, 1998).Inductive language analytic abilityThis involves the ability to analyze a corpus of language material and then pay economic aid and discover patterns of correspondence and relationships including meaning and syntactic form. No matter it involves implicit or explicit rule representation, this fundamental attribute represents an ability to identify pattern, especially in verbal material. In addition, it is a productive ability in which the identification of pattern can be viewed as the stem of inferring from introduce material for producing language based on the pattern which has been identified (Skehan, 1998).POST CARROL RESEARCHSince Carrolls influential work, the story of aptitude has not changed very much. However, it is useful to briefly review the studies which have appeared. Working during the 1960s, Pimsleur (1966) produces the only alternative battery, the Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery (PLAB), targeted at high school students. This set of sub-tests is broadly similar to Carrolls MLAT, but places greater emphasis on auditory factors, and less on memory.Since then, there has been marginalizing influence related to the putative link between aptitude and learning context. Many researchers believe that foreign language aptitude with the methodologies that prevailed at the time of Carrolls research no longer survives in SLA field. In particular, Krashen (1981) links foreign language aptitude to learning, in which it involves teacher-led activities and occurs in classrooms. In other words, aptitude is explicit rule-focus, non-communicatory practice, and learners awareness of language items. As a matter of fact, however, Reves (1983) points out the existing s everalise between aptitude fits and naturalistic learning as well as de Graaff (1997a, 1997b) and Robinson (1995) mention the connections between aptitude scores and acquisitional measures that move towards the center of aptitude related to L2 acquisition processes.Post Carrolls five factors of aptitudeInspirations from SLA and foreign language aptitude will have led to be given an understanding of aptitude factors, namely, capacity to process input, implicit and explicit learning, output, attention and Focus on Form (FonF) Techniques and age, as highlighted in the following paragraphs.Capacity to process inputSLA in earlier days mainly mentions input, and Krashen (1985) even comments that learners are required to process comprehensible input for meaning, which certainly engages the mechanism of language acquisition. Further developments have shown limitations by using this approach (Swain, 1985, 1995). VanPatten (1990, 1996) finds how input can be processed more effectively throug h carrying out a key research tradition in this aspect. A researcher later proves that if learners are placed under any level of information processing pressure, they can make use of their limited processing resources to reach the meaning (Van Patten, 1990). Furthermore, learners can only involve in forming an input if their processing capacity is available. Schmidt (1995, 2001) has pointed out the importance of noticing which includes the necessity to direct attention to some aspects of the input.On the one hand, Krashen provides the processing of comprehensible input and argues that such processing will turn out to develop an implicit system without awareness of learner in general. On the other hand, Schmidt claims that development involves noticing as a precondition in which it is necessary to have aspects of form before noticing consciously in the input. Definitely, this does not mean that complexity and ramifications of the aspect of form has to be thoroughly understood but to be in focal attention. Afterwards, additional processes, whether it is implicit or explicit, can be brought out. Noticing, therefore, becomes a pre-requisite condition, instead of a full explanation on the process of teaching and learning.Implicit and Explicit LearningThe earlier research discusses the relationship of cognitive abilities to learning under instructional exposure in different conditions. Some recent researchers try to identify relationships between the information processing demands of different instructional sets and the L2 learner, and in addition, how influential these instructional sets are on learning (Robinson Ha, 1993 Williams, 1999). These instructional sets contain the symbols +/- awareness of targets, +/- intention to learn targets, and +/- explicit metalinguistic information in relation to the form of targets. It is discovered that that L2 learning in explicit conditions, with certain level of metalinguistic awareness and instruction, were as effective and efficient as learning in implicit conditions under the condition that the stimulus domain was complex rather than having a simple L2 stimulus domain (Robinson, 1996a and de Graaff, 1997b).In addition, as measured by subtests of traditional tests like Carrolls MLAT, Robinson (1997a) and Williams (1999) claim that ID in aptitude and memory ability affect learning in both implicit and explicit conditions. Hence, it is suggested that adult L2 learning under all conditions of exposure is basically more or less the same (Robinson, 1996b, 2001) since the ID in the conscious information processing abilities are the underlying differences in the extent of learning which can be observed through the measurement of aptitude and memory tests.There are findings proving that L2 learning is facilitated when strengths in patterns of abilities or aptitudes are compatible with the processing demands of certain instructional sets. On the contrary, Krashens (1982) supports that implicit learning is bas ically different from explicit learning as the former focuses on unconscious processes and is insensitive to ID in the abilities in the traditional aptitude tests measurement such as MLAT which forms contrast to the concept of the latter.OutputThe output study is important in SLA in which the emphasis of most research activity has been on competence-oriented analyses of structural change. Therefore, output can be observed either as the immediate and all-inclusive results of structural change, or the consequence of automatisation process. New analysis of output has recently formed a more central role. It is argued that the use of communication strategies can be influential to language development. Although it is at the expense of pressure for structural change, such strategies enable the effective communication of meanings. The necessity to communicate may induce more difficulties in basic form changes in some L2 learners (Schmidt, 1983 Skehan, 1992, 1998).Moreover, the nature of fl uency should be understood or viewed as an interesting problem in SLA learners. Bygate (1988) clarifies that learners make noticeable dependence on time-creating devices to ease off real-time processing pressure. At the same time, Foster (2001) points out that learners lexically depend on chunks of language which function as wholes and therefore ease off processing demands as they can be retrieved without internal analysis. Since language in this view depends on lexicalise chunks, a different analysis on the role of memory in language processing is required. Instead of using a conservative slot-and-filler approach which involves syntactic rules and lexical elements, language as memory reliant can be used with the need of a capacious, redundantly-stored memory system. This is the only way to ensure speakers to have the pressures of real-time processing.Attention and Focus on Form (FonF) TechniquesMany earlier research studies conducted classroom research under the influence of diffe rent kinds of intervention aiming to direct learner attention to L2 form through activities, which have a primary focus on meaning and the accomplishment of communicative goals (Doughty, 2004 Doughty Williams, 1998). The degree of attention to form in classroom L2 processing is being controlled by using various FonF techniques, for instance, input flooding which is a technique for drawing attention to form in input processing (White, 1998), input enhancement (Fridman, Doughty, 1995 Robinson, 1997b), structured input processing independent of rule explanation (Benati, 2004 Farley, 2004) and recasting (Lyster, 2004 Philp, 2003).Research findings of less communicative FonF techniques generate mixed results recently, with some research proving input enhancement and recasting, but not others, do affect subsequent L2 learning. One reason behind is that in the studied population, the aptitudes or abilities of some L2 learners, are more suitable to learn from one FonF technique while othe rs are not. Two recent studies show this may be due to recasting. Mackey, Philp, Egi, Fujii, and Tatsumi (2002), in collaboration with various levels of students who join foreign language EFL program, discover obvious positive relationships between phonological working memory capacity measurement and recasts of noticing of information in communicative L2 interaction within three consecutive days. Yet, lower educational levels learners indicate this relationship more significantly than that of higher educational levels learners.Likewise, Robinson (1999) and Robinson Yamaguchi (1999) report obvious positive correlations between phonetic sensitivity measurement and rote memory, in which learning from recasts by university level and non-language big league over a five week of task-based interaction. Pre- and post-test scores on relative clause production are used to measure learning as a whole, with the targeted form in the research.AgeCooper (2002) shows evidence that intelligence mea sures in middle childhood can be used to predict intelligence in later life. The other side of the coin, yet, is that age is a central factor to an respective(prenominal)s language learning capacity as proved by a spacious body of literature on the critical period hypothesis mentioning age-related changes in SLA. Therefore, it is practical to assume that aptitude changes occurred over time is in relation to some age-related variation.Researcher proves that foreign language aptitude shown to be relatively fixed over long period of ones life span (Carroll, 1981). Bristol-linked research of Skehan also claims aptitude is stable because of the obvious correlations between related measures taken more than 10 years apart. Therefore, Skehan (1989) comments that abilities during some language learning arise by the age of three and a half. Nonetheless, he highlights that it is not too clear if these abilities are innate or are affected by the early environment where the children are undec ided to in the first three years of age.Harley and Hart (1997), however, have recently indicated that the story is not so straightforward. By investigating form 7 and Grade 11 L2 learners, the extent of different aptitude factors predictive qualities which changed with age can be analyzed. They conclude that different factors of aptitude were involved in the different age groups. The younger the children, the stronger the correlations were found with the memory factors, while the older the learners, the highest explanatory power showed in the language analysis subtests.DISCUSSIONForeign language aptitude studies and the related research decline notably from the 1970s with the following suggested reasons behind (Skehan, 2002). Firstly, aptitude is considered as anti-egalitarian in which testing aptitude of someone and assigning them a score really contain a forbidding quality. According to the assumption of the possible fixed talent and shaped level of achievement, language learning capacity would be measured in a rigid manner and may therefrom lead to the consequent that aptitude which is originally taken to be the value of individual effort is vanished. Instead of struggling against the nature of aptitude and its measurement as mentioned above, many researchers disagree with this strict perspective and choose other options in their research field for an effective pedagogy.Secondly, the study of aptitude accompanies with old-fashioned audiolingual methodologies. Consequently, with these methodologies, aptitude was considered to be particularly suit the prediction under such situations (Skehan, 2002). Two developments highlighted the disadvantages of these methodologies. Firstly, when the communicative approach becomes more effective, researchers start to question the relevance of aptitude. Although it can be used to predict the structured input and practice oriented activities, it is not a purposeful approach applied to communicative language teaching. Seco ndly, the growth of SLA research after 1970 has led to the naturalistic engagement of the processes of acquisition and at the same time, the handling of learners input from communicative contexts. Again, aptitude is viewed as an irrelevant item which actually meets the requirement of an outmode class teaching and learning. In addition, Krashen (1981), who insists that aptitude is only for the purpose of learning rather than acquisition, comments that the marginality of learning is a very destructive assessment of the role of aptitude.Thirdly, it is an obvious that English Language teachers are not interested in the individual differences that exist among learners (Skehan, 2002). This may due to the fact that there is a huge growth of importance in the material of language teaching and learning. The forward movement of such materials means textbooks should be published in a way that can suit the largest markets for the teachers and learners. Those textbook series are sold in a large number which reflects the growing importance of English as a global language, with more international and general in nature. In other words, it is not an attractive commercial option for having the ideas of catering for individual learning preferences, styles, or aptitudes. Therefore, it is more a general theory to predict that all learners are hardly the same with the over-riding issue of these textbooks. Teachers and textbook writers find that the individual learner differences are based on a generalized aptitude score and are hence no longer attractive, especially under the situation of having mixed-ability classes.CONCLUSIONDefined as the capacity of language learning, aptitude is one of the key areas in individual learner differences in SLA. Its strong correlation with the language proficiency makes it a predictor of academic success in learners acquisition of language. Both Carrolls initial work and post Carroll research contain factors contributing to the aptitude which in t urn influencing SLA. It is worth to discuss those factors widely across the timeline because they dominate the area of research in foreign language aptitude and involve lots of pedagogical activities in classrooms. However, for many years, aptitude has been isolated from the wider contexts of foreign language learning and acquisition as discussed. Perhaps, aptitude may well be a central theory if there is a focus on form in SLA. Also, under the condition that critical period for second language learning is accepted generally, and the real acquisition is undertaking, aptitude may then well represent ID which is responsible for the force of language learning.