Guns, Germs and Steel Essay Example for Free

Guns, Germs and Steel EssayThe book Guns, Germs and Steel is an interesting impression of J atomic number 18d Diamond to challenge and refresh our outlook towards the doing of politics to cultural and individual development as based from historical and theoretical concept. JD is a physiologist and evolutionary biologist and has made this work on a broader scope during his explorations in New Guinea to plain the culture as well as the environment of the hatful. It started out in a prologue piece Jared travels with his adorer Yali, a New Guinean and questions the diminutive cargo of the locals against the bulk of cargos of the Eurasians. JD tried to explain to Yali by answering him with historical and theoretical views according to his research. JD express that while the natives own the land and the resources, the foreigners are capable of dominance because they are superior in technology as can be seen with their tools and machinery. But JD explained to Yali that what he see s is not proof of the superiority of the Eurasians over the natives but rather the opposite. JD said that Yalis lot are actually smarter and suitable to any environment because they live in a world that has requires critical survival.Chapter 1 of the book discusses the origin of populace and their discovery of tools and art as depicted from their paintings. JD theorizes that man made a capacious leap and used his intelligence 50,000 years ago as found on skeletons found in Australia and New Guinea. Accordingly, the Americans were probably colonized during 11,000 BC which total to the final stage of the Pleistocene Era and the melting of the ice in the last Ice Age. Chapter 2 details the war between the Maoris against the Morioris in Polynesia as early as 1835 in the Chatham islands and.Polynesia during that period has different set of climates, geography, resources and political and social conditions which lead to less diversification of human tribes to be able to adapt in the ir environment. Chapter 3 details the conquest of European Francisco Pizarro and his men to capture Atahuallpa, the Inca emperor at Cajamarca, Peru in 1532. The superior weapons and their armor which were made of steel and the horses and gymnastic horse pushes the natives out of their place while the Europeans brought along with them diseases such as smallpox and eventually infected and killed another native emperor of different tribe.JD pointed out that raft of dominant culture has the fore roughly advantage over those who are less in technology and political organization as the Incas does not gift. On Chapter 4 of the book, JD significantly emphasizes the importance of agriculture to propel the development of a fragile beau monde because with the increase of food production there is a room for population to grow larger and stronger. Enough supply of food can sustain people to be more than vigorous and organize themselves without resorting to violence to survive.An organized s ociety can form political political sympathies to protect its people against conquest such as JD pointed out. In chapter 5, the author describes the technology of calibrating sites for food production by naming sites and crops suitable to grow in their environment while in chapter 6, 7 and 8 discusses his confidence the possibility of converting native traceers into agriculturist because of degeneration of wonderful games and physicals in their environment. He said that there are already great varieties of plants and animals that can be domesticated and cultured and there is no need to hunt for food for a family to survive.JD gave an example in chapter 9 and 10 the success of the Indians in domesticating animals and prevents the extinction of wild animals in their forest. He said that breeding animals is whizz of the most accepted principles in domesticating animals that even wild species of animals can be bred in captivity. But this depends on the adaptability of animals with the climatic conditions on trustworthy locality. Lack of animal adaptation means limited domestication and cultivation of animals and plants.The New World on the other hand is located on a tropical regulate therefore people defy more favorable climatic conditions as compared with the Eurasian countries. However, major infectious diseases or what JD calls killers of humanity mainly comes from animals men domesticates. He said that small pox originates from cowpox, flu from pigs and ducks and tuberculosis from cattle. These are only few of the negative impact on the cultivation of livestock by man that even people in the cities are not safe from certain diseases as they kept animals as pets.Industrialization gave man endemic diseases because he attracts author carrying pests and we now be possessed of yellow fever, hookworm, bubonic plague and many other diseases transmitted by pests. Man also is a carrier of pest and diseases to his bloke human such as the body lice, sexually t ransmitted disease and other human infections. The following chapters introduced the origins of writings in early period of Mesoamerica and most part of Asia. JD significantly highlights necessity as the mother of invention and the invention of writings lead to the invention of the technology and then to arms for weapons and destruction.He said that the introduction of technology was also the beginning of civilizations to colonize other civilizations, destroying their population and their culture. The author also reviews the societal form of organization on a certain level which starts from the smaller faction or the band. The band is composed of people that are usually related by blood, nomadic in nature and have one ethnicity and language and no more than 5 to 80 people bonded together to be form a small society.The tribe, however has more people with fixed community, one ethnicity and language but being led by a leader in a societal form of government such as tribe in New Guinea and Australia . The group leads to chiefdoms and then to a larger extent which forms the state. The state have more than 50,000 people living in various villages, class and residence-based relationships. They also have more than one language, have centralized bureaucratic government levels and politicians to man the government, the law and the state.States have also their police and militaries to protect its citizenry against injustice. This was discussed on chapter 14. Chapter 15 to 16 depicts the Australian and New Guinean climate where Yali belongs. These two countries were formerly united as one large mass of land but separated because of the effect of large body of water 10,000 years ago. The following chapters discuss how china became the China of today which brought by forced unification of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC.Continuous fighting and dominance of Asian ethnicities in old China produces mixed races of different Asian origins but came up to have one traditional language which is the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Among these languages is the Mandarin. Chapter 17 is explained by JD on how the islands of the Pacific were able to be colonized by the Asians who arrived in New Guinea around 40,000 BC. This Asian group composes the ancestors of Philippine Negritos and formerly called the Austronesian.Their migrations began from China, reached Taiwan and then the Philippines at around 3000 BC. Those who came to Sumatra and Java became the Malayo-Polynesian while those who arrived in Northern New Guinea and Samoa became the Samoans. JD reviews on chapter 18 the factors which led to the European conquering Americas. The Europeans are better in food production, domestication of animals, producing metals and weapons, organization of armies, conveyancing and communication and solid political organization which the people of early America lacks.The people of the New World such as New Guinea, however are more primitive and backward and lacks capabilities to organize themselves. This was the reason why the Europeans or the Eurasians have been able to establish their colony in their nation without conflict and resistance. And ultimately chapter 19 discusses how the people of Africa came to be blacks. Accordingly, in the previous era, North Africans were whites who resemble Middle eastwardern and Europeans and speak Afro-Asiatic languages.The pygmies or small black African people are mostly confined to Central Africa but were outnumbered by indigenous people. The blacks occupy only most of the Saharan Africa but extended their occupancy to the East coast to Cape town. From there they began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals and expand largely in numbers. The epilogue of this book answers Yalis question on why whites have been so successful with their trades and always have larger cargos compared with the locals on a shipping trade comes to conclusion.The book answers his question by chapters and details. The effect of geographic al shaping and the environment clearly emphasizes the commencement of dominance by the Eurasian whites. Dominance factors illustrates the capability of the Eurasian to domesticate plant and animals better than the people of the New World, the speed of their technology which also sped up the rates of migration and their concrete population and size of their continents enable them to migrate and search for more opportunities to other continents.Furthermore, JD wants to search further with his study to come up with more variables that could defend his theory. He believes that he can only do this through natural historical experiments that need to be researched. These imply the history of human societies which are always intricate to understand than the lost dinosaurs of the old world (McGoodwin).Work Cited McGoodwin, Michael. Jared Diamond Guns, Germs and Steel. (2000). April 10, 2008 http//mcgoodwin. net/pages/gungermsteel. html.

Major Works Data Sheet Essay Example for Free

Major Works Data Sheet EssayMLA Book computer address Biographical information about author Tan, Amy. The Bonesetters Daughter. New York Putnam, 2001.(Last Name, First. Title. Place of Publication Publisher, original publication date. ) Genre Point of View Plot Summary muster in (Two sentences each) Exposition/Background Initial Conflict Rising ActionCrisis/Climax Falling Action Characteristics of the genre Historical information about the original stage of publication Characters Name Role in story Characteristics (3-5 adj. ) reiterate that reveals character, (page number). Then an explanation not a interlingual rendition.Name Role in story Characteristics (3-5 adj. ) Quote that reveals character, (page number). Then an explanation not a translation Name Role in story Characteristics (3-5 adj. ) Quote that reveals character, (page number). Then an explanation not a translation Name Role in story Characteristics (3-5 adj. ) Quot e that reveals character, (page number). Then an explanation not a translation.Memorable Quotes Quotation (MLA citation). speaker Significance of this quote Examples of literary Techniques Choose three different techniques and quotes to discuss (Imagery, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, irony, foreshadowing, etc. ) Quotation (MLA citation). speaker State then discuss each technique listedDescribe the setting (time and place) way The atmosphere or emotional condition created in the reader by the piece. State, then discuss TWO types State, then discuss TWO themes A symbol must be something tangible or visible, A theme is a universal idea behind a novel, or the life lesson you learned from enchantment the idea it symbolizes must be something abstract or universal. the work it does NOT include plot details, though details shouldbe discussed in your analysis. )Significance of curtain raising scene Significance of closing scene Additional /Personal Comments and Analysis MLA List of References (List where you found information for this assignment) ie. Phillips, Brian and Sekaran, Shanti. SparkNotes on The Outsiders. 23 July 2006 . ie. Sauder, Diane. MonkeyNotes on The Outsider. 1 revered 2006.

Archangel Uriel: The Wisdom Of God

archangel Uriel The read fitting Of divinity fudgeThe garden angelica Uriel is one of the iv garden angelicas that rule over the tetrad corners of the Earth. The proto(prenominal)(a) troika atomic number 18 Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael. Uriel is the least mentioned of these four archangels, if he is mentioned at all. According to most traditions, there ar seven archangels. But even in these accounts, these four ar the intimately prominent. There argon s domiciliatet references to Uriel in scripture. Jewish scripture does non mention the archangels by name. In Christianity, Uriel issues in the Gnostic version of the give-and-take where we learn his name means The unwarranted Of God.Uriel is too know as the angel of Wisdom. His realm is in the mental plane where thoughts, ideas, and creativity reside. As The Light of God, the garden angelica Uriel shines the light of truth and sapience where there is darkness, deception, and confusion. Uriel likewise helps peo ple to control their e fronts, get upive them to leave darkice anger and over tell apart anxiousness, both of which are obstacles to gaining wisdom. The archangel provides guidance in recognizing and avoiding dangerous situations.The Archangel of Salvation, Uriel shows people how to heal and set ashores forgiveness t those who ask. Tradition teaches that Uriel stands before the gates of Heaven and denies entrance to all who claim failed to reach out do God. Uriel as well as offers un trailal forgiveness and holds the keys that unlock the gates.Uriel is mentioned often in apocryphal scripture and other early religious writings that did non set up it into what we now know as The book of account. The archangel is credited with rescuing John the Baptist from the Massacre of the Innocents the king ordered upon hearing about the birth of Jesus. Jewish tradition holds that Uriel examine the doors for lambs blood during the Egyptian plagues. Uriel is also one of the select few angels who are allowed to enter the immediate nominal head of God. During medieval times, Uriel was considered the Blessed source of heat in the winter.In Catholic tradition, Uriel is the patron saint of the arts. He is also the patron saint of science, because of the archangels association with wisdom, and of those confabking the sacrament of Confirmation. The Coptic Christians venerate Uriel. To many other Christians, however, Uriel remains unknown. There is no mention of Uriel in substructureonical scripture. In 745 AD, Pope St Zachary condemned the churchs obsession with angels, saying that it bordered on angel worship which is prohibit by the Ten Commandments. He did, however, approve the reverence of certain named angels. Uriel was one of many angels that were left off of this list.Despite the efforts of Pope St. Zachary, many people cool off venerate Uriel, especi confederate among Kabbalists and Eastern Orthodox Christians. Uriels Feast Day is July 28th as the archang els influence is deemed to peak in the middle of the summer. Uriel stands guard over the summer, guiding the ripening of the grain harvest and the blossoming of a multitude of runers.Making A Connection With UrielConnecting with Uriel is decorous increasingly common among people in the refreshing Age presence and Christians exploring their own deeper sacredity. There is no one correct way to catch up with a company with the Archangel Uriel. What is important is that you find a method that is comfortable for you. Prayer is obviously the most common method for connecting with Uriel. However, the influence of New Age mysticism has caused a growth in the popularity of surmisal as a means of venerating the archangels. Because archangels are ever-present apparitional beings, you can connect with them whenever and wherever you are. Archangels invite a historic tendency to appear to humanity in dreams and visions. This is particularly true of Uriel, who operates primarily in the re alm between the physical and the spiritual.Through PrayerPeople most often beg to Uriel to grant them wisdom. Unsolicited contact with Uriel is rare and is generally associated with mostone becoming a scholar or a prophet of God. Uriel also guides us on our spiritual journey as we trans striving from our genuine physical and carnal nature to one that is to a greater goal holy and of God. The archangel teaches is the path of wisdom and function, guide us to our destiny of being united with God in Heaven aft(prenominal) our death.Uriel is also the angel of music, the arts, science, and prophecy. People who are actively interested in each or all of these areas are encour advanced to reach out to Uriel to intercede on their behalf with God. The archangel helps us to overcome stress in our life, console our principals and allowing us to find inner peace. Whenever life creates seemingly unbearable, Uriel is the archangel who keeps us grounded in our faith and leads us by troub ling and turbulent timesThe patriarchal method people use to reach out to Uriel is through petitioner. The act of praying allows us to carry openedly with God and His angels. Prayer is usually a unidirectional communication from us to the divine as we seek to perk up our voices heard. Occasionally, people forget get hold a directly communicated answer during their appealingnesss. Most often, however, the answers to our appealingness pass by over time.As one of the angel who is allowed to be present with God, Uriel is a powerful ally in your prayer life. God listens to His angels and grants them leeway to act on His behalf. Uriels assignment is to give people wisdom in all things. The archangel guides our decision making and relieves our anxiety. He allows us to think and perceive the world with a clear mind and stable emotions so that we can hasten the right choices that ultimately bring us closer to God. As such, Uriel helps us navigate the spiritual realm and makes ou r en see into Heaven possible.For those who are new to the act of prayer, dinner gown prayers are extremely utile. God and His angels know what we are thinking and what we are leaving to say before we say it. S gutter, God wants us to reach out to Him so that we can use our own free entrust to choose to follow and love Him, thus growing in His spirit. If you have non prayed before, stiff traditional prayers can help to loosen your tongue and open your heart to a prayerful life. Here is an example of prayer you can use as you begin your quest to crate a connection with Uriel, the Angel of Wisdom.A Prayer For WisdomSt. Uriel the ArchangelYou are the Light of GodThe Angel of WisdomPlease pray for meGrant me wisdomSo that I might understand the pull up stakes of GodRelease me from anxietySoothe my brainOpen my heartAnd guide me along the path of righteousnessSo that I might cave in youIn the presence of the gentleAmenA Prayer Of ThanksgivingSt. Uriel, I thank God for the gift o f your guidanceAnd I thank you for the gift of your wisdomArchangel Uriel, you guide my decisions and keep me on the righteous pathYou soothe my mind and bring harmony to my soulYou ease my troubled heart and release me from anxietyFor all of these things I thank you and give you praiseIn the holy name of God our FatherArchangels often answer prayers in shipway that are non immediately clear to. Praying eachday helps to prepare you to understand the answers. Through experience, you lead gain the index to discern the answers to your prayers from mere happenstance. God and His angels are ever present which means they see your life in its entirety while you experience it one moment at a time. Answers to prayer come in Gods time, not mans. Through faith you will understand the answers to your prayers and how they affect your life.Prayer can take place wherever you happen to be. Sacred places homogeneous shrines and churches offer quiet and holy places where we can connect with the divine, nevertheless you do not have to go to those places in order to pray. All you need is your soul, and open heart, and humility. The words will come when you are ready.There are two basic forms of prayer formal and informal. perfunctory prayers are the prayers that are passed down through church tradition or newer prayers that follow the same form. They generally soak up by acknowledging who is being prayed to and honoring or venerating them, The person praying therefore humbles themselves and makes their prayer request. Informal prayers do not follow a traditional form. While their tone is more than reverent than casual verbalise, the words themselves are generally extempore on the spot or are words that are personally relevant to the one who is praying.Connecting With Archangel Uriel Through Traditional Formal PrayerFormal prayer helps us to speak with God and his angels when our own words fail us. When the crowd asked Jesus Christ how they should pray to God, he gav e them The Lords Prayer. Clearly, any form of prayer will charm if it is humble and honest. The use of traditional formal prayers makes the act easier. During stressful situations, we can struggle to find the right words to say. Formal prayer gives us those words as a starting point from which we can add our own words later is we wish.Using a formal prayer also teaches us how to pray on our own. Traditional prayers follow classical structures that, once learned, can be used to craft something more personal. For centuries, people were persecuted and sometimes executed for reciting these prayers. Knowing this makes reciting these prayers today a powerful and humbling experience. studying The RosaryThe Rosary is probably the most well known type of formal prayer. Using a chain of beads, a person recites a serial of traditional prayers venerating the Virgin Mare or reflecting on either moments in their life, lost loved ones, or the Passion of Christ.Rosaries can be used in other ways as well. They can be used for connecting with the archangels by substituting prayers of veneration for the archangel for the Hail Mary prayer used to venerate the Mother of God. A prayer for the veneration of the Archangel Uriel would go comparable thisHail Archangel Uriel, Angel of WisdomYou are ever present with the FatherAnd are Blessed in the eyes of the LordBring me comfort, for I am troubledSo that I might become closer to GodHoly Uriel, the Light of GodGuide me on the path of righteousnessProtect me from evilAnd pray for me, a sinnerTo the Lord our GodSaying the rosary is a prayerful and meditative discipline. Making the rosary a habit will comfort your soul.ChapletsChaplets are akin(predicate) to rosaries, but bittyer and quicker to use. They are also available specifically for diverse saints and the archangels. The Chaplet of The Archangel Uriel consists of the Medal of Uriel, collar beads representing the Holy Trinity, and nine beads that represent the nine choirs of angels. The chaplet can be used in the following manner.The typewriter ribbon Holding the medal between your finger and thumb, recite the Hail Archangel Uriel from above.The first three beads Begin each bead with the words Archangel Uriel, intercede for me so that might become closer to God With the first bead, follow this with the Lords Prayer. Using the next beads, follow the words with the Hail Mary and thus the Glory Be.The nine beads Say these beads in honor of the nine fresh Choirs, or conscionable use them as a novena. Say the following prayer with each bead.Holy Lord, God of power and mightHeaven and Earth are filled with your GloryHosanna in the highestBlessed is He who comes in the name of the LordHosanna in the highest.Closing prayer Upon completion, say the following formal prayer to UrielArchangel Uriel, Fire of GodWith your fiery leaf blade of GodProtect me from evilBring me to the throne of GodOn the day of my reckoningShow mercy on my soulAnd intercede with meTo the Lord God AlmightyChaplets are more convenient that rosaries as they are easier to carry with you and can be said relatively quickly.NovenasA novena is a series of prayers said for nine days in a row. They can be the same prayer, or a different one each day. The nine days of prayer remind us of the nine days the apostles spent in prayer between the Ascension and Pentecost. The days between Ascension Thursday and Pentecost sunlight are the most popular time for saying novenas, but they can be used at any time. Saying a novena to Uriel is often through with(p) around the archangels Feast Day of July 25th or the Feast Day shared with the other archangels, September 29th.Novenas can be said with prayers from prayer books, with chaplets, or y praying the rosary. They can also be used in conjunction with meditative rituals. The Archangel is traditionally associated with the number 9, making novenas a particularly sequester way to seek your connection with him.Connecting Throug h MeditationMeditating is different from praying and is an important addition to your spiritual growth. During prayer you are seeking an audience with the divine. You want to be heard, whether you are offering praise, asking forgiveness, or seeking guidance. Prayer is essentially an act of active communication with God and His angels.During meditation, you are seeking to listen more than to hear. There is a place for communicating while meditation, but the act is more importantly an opportunity to be still in body and mind so that you can receive meanss from heaven. Through meditation, you enter a trance-like state where you are better able to listen to communication from the angels of the Lord. Mediation can be accomplished anywhere. Using a meditative ritual can be a wonderfully holy and cathartic experience. The process of the meditative ritual brings the body, mind, and soul in to a restful and peaceful state. This opens your awareness to the presence of the divine.To begin med itating, you first need to find a quiet and secluded place. The church is an slender place for meditative thinks. Most churches are open between services, allowing people to enter and meditate on the word of God. In Catholic churches, the inner manner where the Eucharist is displayed is the quietest area is perfect for reaching a meditative state. Meditating in the presence of the Body ofChrist is a deeply religious experience. Secluded gardens that are off the beaten path are also wonderful places for meditation. If you do not have penetration to a place like this, however, you can well create a meditative space inside your own home by setting up a shrine using little more than a table, table cloth, candles, and incense. formerly you have found a proper place to meditate, make yourself comfortable and close your eyes. Make yourself become aware of every breath you take, breathing in and out slowly and deeply. As you inhale, tincture yourself breathing in the spirit of the Arc hangel Uriel. As you exhale, allow yourself to release you anxiety and fear. By releasing your anxiety, you make room in your mind and soul for the wisdom which Uriel wants to bestow on you. Meditating is also an excellent way to start your day with energy and focus, or to end your day in a peaceful and reflective state.Visualization during meditation keeps you focused on your objective and helps you to avoid becoming distracted. This is where icons, statues, and images of the Archangel Uriel can be used effectively. These items do nothing of themselves other than to help you remain focused. Do not mistake the images fr the actual presence of the Archangel Uriel, as that would amount to idol worship. Merely let the images help you to create a vision in your own mind that the archangel can fill with his own presence.As you go deeper into your meditation with Uriel, you will see a ray of light. The light will either be white, yellow, or gold, as these are the colors associated with Ur iel. Uriel is known as The Fire Of God, so do not be surprised if you see flames in your vision. The visions of fire or light will join with your actual vision of the Archangel Uriel. This way, you will understand with whom you are present.While meditating, you essential remain passive. Do not try to circumvent or actively understand the messages you are receiving. This can lead to your ego altering the messages in a way that is easier for you to handle. But, this will result in you losing the message from the archangel. You ego is a powerful tool of Satan. To meditate on the message of the archangel, you need to subjugate you ego completely so that you can fully receive the Uriels message. There will be ample time to make sense of that message once the meditation is complete.Connecting With Uriel Through Simply SpeakingInformal conversations with God are becoming common place. Humanity is disciplineing in its collective affinity with God. Where once we could only speak with the Lord in a formal manner, we have learned to converse with God and His angels whenever we olfactory modality the need and in whichever way is most expedient and effective. Developing a habit of casually speaking with the divine is more convenient than making time for formal or ritualized prayer, and makes it easier to stay connected with the divine throughout the day.Formal and informal prayers serve the purpose of teaching us how to pray. From these prayers, we learn to offer praise, remain humble, seek forgiveness of our sins, and accept the will of God. Of these things, remaining humble is vital. To receive the blessing of the Archangel Uriel, we must acknowledge that we are not deserving and ask for these blessings along with his mercy. Pride is another tool of Satan. Thus, we must eliminate our pride to ensure out connection with the archangel.Simply speaking to Archangel Uriel is particularly appropriate during emergencies. When we are suffering, God doesnt expect us to just stop what we are doing, grab our rosary, and find a church. He wants to hear from us immediately, just as Christ called out to Him on the cross. Jesus Christ showed us that we can speak to God just as effectively whether we are in a peaceful garden or under extreme physical and spiritual anguish. Having a chaplet, medal, or regulate handy can give you something to hold on to and focus on, and also serves to help you to make relaxed. However, they do nothing more than that. The items are not magical on their own.The Use Of Writing To Connect With UrielCommunicating with Archangel Uriel through writing is very effective. Not only does it help those who write better than they speak to make a connection, it creates a journal of that communication that can be referenced later. Sometimes the messages we receive from angels are difficult to decipher immediately but become more clear with the passage of time. Creating a written journal of these messages allows you to review them as time g oes by. The journal can also help you to give advice to others who are in your same circumstance, or can persuade people to write to angels on their own.Angelic writing takes two forms automatic dictation and automatic writing. They are similar in that you need to put yourself into a meditative state to begin, as you will be allowing Uriel to use your hands to deliver his message. With both forms, you also need to receive the message without judgment, allowing it to flow directly from the angel to the paper. Modern technology can be used as well by only when replacing your writing instrument with a keyboard.When using automatic dictation to connect with Uriel, you will listening to the message the archangel gives you and writing it down. You will start the process yourself through prayer and meditation so that you can become aware of the presence of Uriel. Nest, write down you question or request for the archangel on a piece of paper. Now, stay ready to write and listen for the ar changels response. It is vital that you write down whatever message you receive, even if it doesnt seem to make sense. The process of interpreting the communication while writing puts the ego in the way of the communication, rendering it invalid. Continue to write whatever you receive until the message stops. Once the communication is over you can then go back and try to understand what you received.Understand also that the answer you receive might not be the answer you want. The Archangel Uriel is wise and knows what is best for us. Often, what is best for us seems confusing or comfortable at first. You must trust these messages through your faith. Also, if the message is confusing, dont try to force meaning into it. Allow time to pass and revisit the message from time to time. Eventually, life experiences and the passage of time will help you to understand what the archangel was telling you.Automatic writing is a little bit different. After asking your question of the archangel, s it completely still and let your pen dwell over the paper. When you start to receive the message, the pen will start to move over the paper on its own. Do not try to influence the motion of the pen. Keeping your eyes closed is a good idea, because you might be tempted to finish a word that you think you recognize when the angel is trying to communicate something else. Keep in mind that the communication might be a picture instead of words. Trying to influence the outcome will result in a communication that is inaccurate and makes no sense.Both forms of angelic writing require you to free your mind completely of all preconceptions and allow the communication to flow freely. Do not allow yourself to edit, correct, or judge the communication. Simply accept what is given to you. If it doesnt make sense, save it and come back to it later. Angelic messages come to us with an understanding of a future that we have yet to experience. Given time, the message and guidance you receive will ma ke perfect sense to you.Connecting With Uriel In Your DreamsArchangels are quite fond of communicating with us through our dreams. When Uriel appears in dreams and visions, the encounter is very intense and intimidating. Archangels are no-nonsense, straight to the point communicators. There is no small talk, they are strictly about their business.Unsolicited interactions with Uriel are extremely rare because so few people can handle the gifts of wisdom and prophecy that Uriel bestows. Should you be visited by Uriel in your dreams, count yourself most fortunate. Uriel only visits those who the archangel believes can handle the intensity of the connection. And, the gift of prophecy he endows people with comes with great responsibility. Uriel is a teacher, and the lessons can be difficult ones. Always remember that, no matter how uncomfortable the message or lesson is, it is being bestowed upon you with love and grace.Reaching out to Uriel in your dreams is not dangerous, nor is it for the faint of heart. You must prepare yourself for the encounter by praying to Uriel to deliver you from fear. The powerful presence of the archangel is known to cause immense fear. This is collectible to the archangels God-like power, and not from any intent from the archangel to cause you to feel white-lipped. Believe that the archangel will not allow harm to come to you, and you should be able to relax and allow yourself to receive his presence.If you want Uriel to appear to you in your dreams, set yourself up before going to bed. Start with several prayers to the archangel. Rosaries and chaplets are perfect for this purpose. Then, as you picture gallery of to sleep, repeat the words Archangel Uriel, allow me into your presence. As you fall asleep, your resting souls will enter the spiritual realm where the archangels reside. There, you will meet Uriel and receive your message.Recognizing The Presence Of The Archangel UrielMaking a connection with an archangel is a deeply reli gious and overwhelmingly emotional experience. These are the angels who will defeat Satan during the end times, who announce the birth of Jesus Christ to the world, and who deliver Gods messages to humanity. But just because a spiritual experience is immensely powerful does not necessarily mean that an archangel is present.Here are some clues to help you recognize when the Archangel Uriel is present.1) You gain new insights and wisdom The Archangel Uriel is designate to give people divine wisdom. If after your attempts to connect with the archangel you find yourself with a new understanding of your situation, you have likely been in contact with Uriel. Connecting with Uriel will cause your focus to move off of your worldly problems and on to God. You will become conscious of the everlasting presence of God and His angels. You might also find that you have received the gift prophecy. With this gift, you will not necessarily be able to foresee the future, but you will clearly see t he consequences of your actions as well as the actions of others, and you will be able to guide people along the path of righteousness.2) You suddenly grow in confidence Your new found wisdom will boost your confidence. You will feel empowered as you set wisely set yourself on the path to Gods glory. This confidence will not resemble cockiness. Rather, you will hold yourself and act in a way that reveals your understanding of Gods will in your life and the life of others. Many will be drawn to you for this, while others will shun you due to their lack of faith in God.3) You will be motivated to help and serve others God and His angels grant these gifts to humanity not to be hidden but to be used to help others. A true connection with Uriel will be a life change in experience. You will feel obligate to use your new wisdom for the good of others, not for your own selfish gain. Interactions with the archangels spur us into action for the glory of God. This motivation to help others will also come with the ability to make positive changes in the lives of others. You will have the Archangel Uriel with you always to help you help others.4) You will see or feel light, fire, and/or electricity Uriel is the Fire of God, and is associates with brightness, heat, and energy. People who have connected with Uriel report feeling an electric charge flow through their body. Some have also seen a flame or fire that burns bitter and bright yet destroys nothing. Although nothing seems to be destroyed by the fire, it burns so hot and bright that you can smell the heat5) The sights, smells, and sounds of Uriel Besides light and fire, Uriel is associated with the colors white, gold, red, yellow, and orange. When the archangel is present, you will smell the pungent and spicy aromas of sandalwood, cinnamon, and nutmeg. You might even have a vision of a beautiful angel dressed in leather and armor and holding a sword of fire, or riding in a chariot holding a bow and arrow. For mo re casual encounters, Uriel will appear dressed in a red tunic with leather sandals or boots. Uriel is also the Angel of Music and the Angel of Poetry. The patron saint of artists and musicians, Uriels presence is always accompanied by the beautiful and poetic music of the Angelic Choir.When you receive a message from Uriel, you will no it to be authentic if you are compelled to act on the message right away. Your new wisdom will excite you and guide you in the right direction. Archangel encounters are highly motivating and life changing. One cannot help but change they way they see and feeler the world after such an encounter.Connections with archangels can also be terrifying. These are powerful spiritual beings that are closely cerebrate to God the Father. The Bible states that no one can set eyes on the Lord and survive. While the same is not true of the archangels, the encounter is indeed similar. Feeling afraid during an encounter with an archangel is entirely natural. If you ask the archangel to remove your fear, you will immediately be out at peace.Asking Uriels Help With Lifes StrugglesThe Archangel Uriel is virtuoso at helping us with our daily struggles. From Uriel we can the wisdom and insight we need to make the right choices on a daily basis. God has assigned Uriel the ask of granting us wisdom in order to bring us closer to Him. This is his greatest gift. Uriel will clear your mind of anxiety and dread, and fill it with holy wisdom. When Uriel presents you with his wisdom, he will change the way you perceive the world, the spiritual realm, and your place in each. You will no longer wee yourself as a mere mortal being. You will understand you place in God eternal plan for the universe. This wisdom will rule your every though and action. You will no longer feel lost. Rather, the way of the righteous will become clear to you and you will follow that path with a content and sacred heart.Also known as the Archangel of Salvation, Uriel helps us with every aspect of our lives. He grants us the power of unconditional forgiveness. He shows us how to turn disappointment and failure into achievement for the glory of God. And, he will be waiting for us at the end of our days here on Earth to grant us access to the Kingdom of Heaven.Archangel Uriel will intercede with God on the behalf of anyone who asks with a humble heart. Our mortal experience is rough, but necessary to prepare our souls for the paradise that awaits us in Heaven. The wisdom Uriel grants us gives us the ability to navigate our way through out most troubling times without straying from our path or losing our faith in the Almighty.Anytime you feel overwhelmed in your life, you should seek guidance from the Archangel Uriel. As the Angel of Music, Uriel can bring all aspects of our life into harmony. If you are not getting along with coworkers, Uriel can bring peace. If you are struggling with problems that you have caused for yourself, Uriel will help you to forgive yourself and find your way out of you self-imposed troth in ways you did not see before making your connection.Asking Uriel For Help With Health ProblemsThe Angel of Music wants our entire life to be in harmony. This includes our spiritual, mental, emotional, and physical health. The archangel understands that our physical well-being takes a toll on our spiritual health and can erode our faith in God. Along with spiritual wisdom, Archangel Uriel gives us the wisdom to make the right choices in regards to our health so that we can take better care of our bodies and treat them as a temple to God.Uriel is also ever-present with God, which makes him a great intercessor whenever we need ameliorate. Asking Uriel to intercede on your behalf when you are ill or injured will bring a multitude of blessings. First, it will open your heart and soul to receive the healing power of God. Second, it strengthens your mind and spirit, which in turn helps you to endure the healing process. Also, Uri el will give you wisdom so that you will be able to take the proper steps to let our body heal. He will bring all the systems of your body in to harmony, so that they can work as one to heal your body on the inside.Uriel is also a worthy ally to have when we find ourselves to be terminally ill. All of us end our lives in the same way. We all must die. When your God appointed time has come, Uriel will be there to protect you and to welcome you at theAptitude Influences Second Language AcquisitionAptitude Influences Second Language AcquisitionSecond verbiage schooling dexterity is featured as strengths which case-by-case students have in the cognitive abilities information touch on during L2 encyclopedism and accomplishment in various stages and within different contexts. Aptitude has conventionally been observed as a key factor in the domain of L2 instruction in which Ehrman and Oxford (1995) propose that its measures are most strongly correlated with L2 proficiency among all the someone differences (ID) variables. Therefore, emphasizing on the way it is measured, its role in the second vocabulary acquisition (SLA) process, and most importantly, the extent to which its factors whitethorn affect L2, cleverness can be confirmed as a strong predictor of academic success in SLA. In this paper, after discussing the nature of expertness in general, a few important aptitude factors which contribute to SLA will be focused.DEFINITION OF LANGUAGE APTITUDEIn an early review paper on aptitude interrogation, Carroll (1981) defines general aptitude as an ability of learning a task, which involves a special inclination towards learning L2 and depends on some combination of persistent characteristics of the learner. In Carrolls specific view, aptitude is separated from achievement and motivation. Also, aptitude must be seen as a stable factor, perchance even innate. Notably, it is not a prerequisite for L2 acquisition and should be distinct from general intellige nce.CARROLLS INITIAL WORKIt is appropriate to start the discussion of aptitude with a review of the work of the American psychologist J. B. Carroll who dominated the area by researched foreign voice communication aptitude and established the parameters within which the sub-field still operates. It is important to report that till date, there has been large-scale work in making use of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) produced by Carroll and Sapon (1959).Carrolls four factors of aptitudeCarroll (1965, 1991) reports that aptitude contains four sub-components, namely, phonemic coding ability, grammatical sensitivity, inductive language analytic ability, and storage. Their descriptions can be expanded and their perspectives can be processed to SLA by using the four factors as described below.Phonemic coding abilityThis is not simply the ability to make sound discrimination, but the ability to code foreign sounds in such a way that they can be recalled later. Sound discriminatio n can be different from one to another however, there is no correlation coefficient between this variation and language learning success. What really correlates is the ability to analyze sound so that it can be done quicker and can be recalled more readily without the need of having immediate rehearsal (Skehan, 1998).Associative memoryThis involves the ability to make connections between stimuli and responses, for instance, foreign language words or equivalents, and to develop such links strength. At the time of the MLAT production, its interpretation reflected the focus on psychology, described it as relatively simple stimulus-response connections, without mentioning more complex memory cheek or representation. Skehan, (1980) has expanded in the recent aptitude research to the conceptualization of memory significantly, to seeing memory as only one part of aptitude but not the most important aspect. Instead, the ability to memorize more auditorily complex material are now viewed a s more powerful predictors of L2 learning. grammatical sensitivityThe ability to understand the contribution that words make in sentences is the main focus in this area. The passive aspect to this ability is to emphasize credit rating of function other than explicit representation (Skehan, 1998).Inductive language analytic abilityThis involves the ability to analyze a corpus of language material and then pay economic aid and discover patterns of correspondence and relationships including meaning and syntactic form. No matter it involves implicit or explicit rule representation, this fundamental attribute represents an ability to identify pattern, especially in verbal material. In addition, it is a productive ability in which the identification of pattern can be viewed as the stem of inferring from introduce material for producing language based on the pattern which has been identified (Skehan, 1998).POST CARROL RESEARCHSince Carrolls influential work, the story of aptitude has not changed very much. However, it is useful to briefly review the studies which have appeared. Working during the 1960s, Pimsleur (1966) produces the only alternative battery, the Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery (PLAB), targeted at high school students. This set of sub-tests is broadly similar to Carrolls MLAT, but places greater emphasis on auditory factors, and less on memory.Since then, there has been marginalizing influence related to the putative link between aptitude and learning context. Many researchers believe that foreign language aptitude with the methodologies that prevailed at the time of Carrolls research no longer survives in SLA field. In particular, Krashen (1981) links foreign language aptitude to learning, in which it involves teacher-led activities and occurs in classrooms. In other words, aptitude is explicit rule-focus, non-communicatory practice, and learners awareness of language items. As a matter of fact, however, Reves (1983) points out the existing s everalise between aptitude fits and naturalistic learning as well as de Graaff (1997a, 1997b) and Robinson (1995) mention the connections between aptitude scores and acquisitional measures that move towards the center of aptitude related to L2 acquisition processes.Post Carrolls five factors of aptitudeInspirations from SLA and foreign language aptitude will have led to be given an understanding of aptitude factors, namely, capacity to process input, implicit and explicit learning, output, attention and Focus on Form (FonF) Techniques and age, as highlighted in the following paragraphs.Capacity to process inputSLA in earlier days mainly mentions input, and Krashen (1985) even comments that learners are required to process comprehensible input for meaning, which certainly engages the mechanism of language acquisition. Further developments have shown limitations by using this approach (Swain, 1985, 1995). VanPatten (1990, 1996) finds how input can be processed more effectively throug h carrying out a key research tradition in this aspect. A researcher later proves that if learners are placed under any level of information processing pressure, they can make use of their limited processing resources to reach the meaning (Van Patten, 1990). Furthermore, learners can only involve in forming an input if their processing capacity is available. Schmidt (1995, 2001) has pointed out the importance of noticing which includes the necessity to direct attention to some aspects of the input.On the one hand, Krashen provides the processing of comprehensible input and argues that such processing will turn out to develop an implicit system without awareness of learner in general. On the other hand, Schmidt claims that development involves noticing as a precondition in which it is necessary to have aspects of form before noticing consciously in the input. Definitely, this does not mean that complexity and ramifications of the aspect of form has to be thoroughly understood but to be in focal attention. Afterwards, additional processes, whether it is implicit or explicit, can be brought out. Noticing, therefore, becomes a pre-requisite condition, instead of a full explanation on the process of teaching and learning.Implicit and Explicit LearningThe earlier research discusses the relationship of cognitive abilities to learning under instructional exposure in different conditions. Some recent researchers try to identify relationships between the information processing demands of different instructional sets and the L2 learner, and in addition, how influential these instructional sets are on learning (Robinson Ha, 1993 Williams, 1999). These instructional sets contain the symbols +/- awareness of targets, +/- intention to learn targets, and +/- explicit metalinguistic information in relation to the form of targets. It is discovered that that L2 learning in explicit conditions, with certain level of metalinguistic awareness and instruction, were as effective and efficient as learning in implicit conditions under the condition that the stimulus domain was complex rather than having a simple L2 stimulus domain (Robinson, 1996a and de Graaff, 1997b).In addition, as measured by subtests of traditional tests like Carrolls MLAT, Robinson (1997a) and Williams (1999) claim that ID in aptitude and memory ability affect learning in both implicit and explicit conditions. Hence, it is suggested that adult L2 learning under all conditions of exposure is basically more or less the same (Robinson, 1996b, 2001) since the ID in the conscious information processing abilities are the underlying differences in the extent of learning which can be observed through the measurement of aptitude and memory tests.There are findings proving that L2 learning is facilitated when strengths in patterns of abilities or aptitudes are compatible with the processing demands of certain instructional sets. On the contrary, Krashens (1982) supports that implicit learning is bas ically different from explicit learning as the former focuses on unconscious processes and is insensitive to ID in the abilities in the traditional aptitude tests measurement such as MLAT which forms contrast to the concept of the latter.OutputThe output study is important in SLA in which the emphasis of most research activity has been on competence-oriented analyses of structural change. Therefore, output can be observed either as the immediate and all-inclusive results of structural change, or the consequence of automatisation process. New analysis of output has recently formed a more central role. It is argued that the use of communication strategies can be influential to language development. Although it is at the expense of pressure for structural change, such strategies enable the effective communication of meanings. The necessity to communicate may induce more difficulties in basic form changes in some L2 learners (Schmidt, 1983 Skehan, 1992, 1998).Moreover, the nature of fl uency should be understood or viewed as an interesting problem in SLA learners. Bygate (1988) clarifies that learners make noticeable dependence on time-creating devices to ease off real-time processing pressure. At the same time, Foster (2001) points out that learners lexically depend on chunks of language which function as wholes and therefore ease off processing demands as they can be retrieved without internal analysis. Since language in this view depends on lexicalise chunks, a different analysis on the role of memory in language processing is required. Instead of using a conservative slot-and-filler approach which involves syntactic rules and lexical elements, language as memory reliant can be used with the need of a capacious, redundantly-stored memory system. This is the only way to ensure speakers to have the pressures of real-time processing.Attention and Focus on Form (FonF) TechniquesMany earlier research studies conducted classroom research under the influence of diffe rent kinds of intervention aiming to direct learner attention to L2 form through activities, which have a primary focus on meaning and the accomplishment of communicative goals (Doughty, 2004 Doughty Williams, 1998). The degree of attention to form in classroom L2 processing is being controlled by using various FonF techniques, for instance, input flooding which is a technique for drawing attention to form in input processing (White, 1998), input enhancement (Fridman, Doughty, 1995 Robinson, 1997b), structured input processing independent of rule explanation (Benati, 2004 Farley, 2004) and recasting (Lyster, 2004 Philp, 2003).Research findings of less communicative FonF techniques generate mixed results recently, with some research proving input enhancement and recasting, but not others, do affect subsequent L2 learning. One reason behind is that in the studied population, the aptitudes or abilities of some L2 learners, are more suitable to learn from one FonF technique while othe rs are not. Two recent studies show this may be due to recasting. Mackey, Philp, Egi, Fujii, and Tatsumi (2002), in collaboration with various levels of students who join foreign language EFL program, discover obvious positive relationships between phonological working memory capacity measurement and recasts of noticing of information in communicative L2 interaction within three consecutive days. Yet, lower educational levels learners indicate this relationship more significantly than that of higher educational levels learners.Likewise, Robinson (1999) and Robinson Yamaguchi (1999) report obvious positive correlations between phonetic sensitivity measurement and rote memory, in which learning from recasts by university level and non-language big league over a five week of task-based interaction. Pre- and post-test scores on relative clause production are used to measure learning as a whole, with the targeted form in the research.AgeCooper (2002) shows evidence that intelligence mea sures in middle childhood can be used to predict intelligence in later life. The other side of the coin, yet, is that age is a central factor to an respective(prenominal)s language learning capacity as proved by a spacious body of literature on the critical period hypothesis mentioning age-related changes in SLA. Therefore, it is practical to assume that aptitude changes occurred over time is in relation to some age-related variation.Researcher proves that foreign language aptitude shown to be relatively fixed over long period of ones life span (Carroll, 1981). Bristol-linked research of Skehan also claims aptitude is stable because of the obvious correlations between related measures taken more than 10 years apart. Therefore, Skehan (1989) comments that abilities during some language learning arise by the age of three and a half. Nonetheless, he highlights that it is not too clear if these abilities are innate or are affected by the early environment where the children are undec ided to in the first three years of age.Harley and Hart (1997), however, have recently indicated that the story is not so straightforward. By investigating form 7 and Grade 11 L2 learners, the extent of different aptitude factors predictive qualities which changed with age can be analyzed. They conclude that different factors of aptitude were involved in the different age groups. The younger the children, the stronger the correlations were found with the memory factors, while the older the learners, the highest explanatory power showed in the language analysis subtests.DISCUSSIONForeign language aptitude studies and the related research decline notably from the 1970s with the following suggested reasons behind (Skehan, 2002). Firstly, aptitude is considered as anti-egalitarian in which testing aptitude of someone and assigning them a score really contain a forbidding quality. According to the assumption of the possible fixed talent and shaped level of achievement, language learning capacity would be measured in a rigid manner and may therefrom lead to the consequent that aptitude which is originally taken to be the value of individual effort is vanished. Instead of struggling against the nature of aptitude and its measurement as mentioned above, many researchers disagree with this strict perspective and choose other options in their research field for an effective pedagogy.Secondly, the study of aptitude accompanies with old-fashioned audiolingual methodologies. Consequently, with these methodologies, aptitude was considered to be particularly suit the prediction under such situations (Skehan, 2002). Two developments highlighted the disadvantages of these methodologies. Firstly, when the communicative approach becomes more effective, researchers start to question the relevance of aptitude. Although it can be used to predict the structured input and practice oriented activities, it is not a purposeful approach applied to communicative language teaching. Seco ndly, the growth of SLA research after 1970 has led to the naturalistic engagement of the processes of acquisition and at the same time, the handling of learners input from communicative contexts. Again, aptitude is viewed as an irrelevant item which actually meets the requirement of an outmode class teaching and learning. In addition, Krashen (1981), who insists that aptitude is only for the purpose of learning rather than acquisition, comments that the marginality of learning is a very destructive assessment of the role of aptitude.Thirdly, it is an obvious that English Language teachers are not interested in the individual differences that exist among learners (Skehan, 2002). This may due to the fact that there is a huge growth of importance in the material of language teaching and learning. The forward movement of such materials means textbooks should be published in a way that can suit the largest markets for the teachers and learners. Those textbook series are sold in a large number which reflects the growing importance of English as a global language, with more international and general in nature. In other words, it is not an attractive commercial option for having the ideas of catering for individual learning preferences, styles, or aptitudes. Therefore, it is more a general theory to predict that all learners are hardly the same with the over-riding issue of these textbooks. Teachers and textbook writers find that the individual learner differences are based on a generalized aptitude score and are hence no longer attractive, especially under the situation of having mixed-ability classes.CONCLUSIONDefined as the capacity of language learning, aptitude is one of the key areas in individual learner differences in SLA. Its strong correlation with the language proficiency makes it a predictor of academic success in learners acquisition of language. Both Carrolls initial work and post Carroll research contain factors contributing to the aptitude which in t urn influencing SLA. It is worth to discuss those factors widely across the timeline because they dominate the area of research in foreign language aptitude and involve lots of pedagogical activities in classrooms. However, for many years, aptitude has been isolated from the wider contexts of foreign language learning and acquisition as discussed. Perhaps, aptitude may well be a central theory if there is a focus on form in SLA. Also, under the condition that critical period for second language learning is accepted generally, and the real acquisition is undertaking, aptitude may then well represent ID which is responsible for the force of language learning.

Analysing The Pardoner In Canterbury Tales

Analysing The Pard cardinalr In Canterbury TalesThe excuser in the Canterbury Tales is hypocritical, gluttenous, vindictive, and spiteful towards others he is mor bothy and spiritually corrupt in the extreme. He does, however, tell a humbug that, as he promises it shall be in the section that precedes his prologue, a valid language against avarice and voracity. When Harry Bailey speaks at the end of the forgivers Tale, he does non reject the narration but the teller, the pardoner. Chaucer the poet aptly presents the Pardoner as a skilled orator and conman and he deliberately illustrates that it is possible for a character distant beyond redemption to tell a moral recital.The Pardoner tells a moral tale against avarice, gluttony, and the love of money. The latter is a theme that the Pardoner says is incessantly central to his sermons, citing the Latin, the love of money is the stemma of all evil. The origin of the tale, which was part of common folklore in Chaucers day, is an Oriental myth.The three rioters who are central to the tale, damn themselves literally and metaphorically. They betray each other over gilt and their desire for it. They also drink and gamble excessively. Upon learning that an old friend of theirs has died, they further damn themselves by going in search of death.The Pardoner tells a tale, however, that is both instructive and valid as a sermon because it is loaded with ad delinquency against d triumphkeness and gluttony. The Pardoner cites examples of stories from the Bible, too, to illustrate the dangers of dipsomania (Solomon and John the Baptist Lot and his daughters) and gluttony (Adam and Eve).There put forwards be no doubt that the tale is moral. The Pardoner professes himself that although he is a ful vicious man, he can still tell a moral tale.The Pardoner as a character, an individual, and a typification of a group of professional churchmen is entirely amoral and, despite intercourse a moral tale, Chaucer uses vari ous markers to illustrate why he can non be trusted or accepted on any level.One of the closely notice qualities that Chaucer gives the character of the Pardoner is rhetorical skill. The characteristic essential for Chaucer to illustrate that the teller of the tale cannot be accepted is arrogance.The question of authority is central to the Pardoners tale and its importation both seperated fro and as part of The Canterbury Tales. As the Pardoner is such a skilled orator, Chaucer implies, using the Pardoner and also by selecting Harry Bailey, one of the most astue of the pilgrims and a conman himself, to expose him and silence him so he cannot speak a word much.Apparently deeply affected by the medical students sad and grue several(prenominal) tale of Virginia, the innkeeper praises the Physician by using as many medical terms as he can muster. However, he rejects the Physicians moral to the tale and substitutes one of his own and so the gifts of fortune and nature are not alw ays good (The gifts of Fortune and Nature have been the cause of the death of many a person). Thinking that the pilgrims need a merry tale to follow, the Host turns to the Pardoner. The much genteel members of the company, fearing that the Pardoner will tell a vulgar story, ask the Pardoner for a tale with a moral.The Pardoner then explains to the pilgrims the methods he uses in preaching. His text is always Radix malorum est cupidatis (Love of money is the expel of all evil). Always employing an soldiery of documents and objects, he constantly announces that he can do nothing for the really bountiful sinners and invites the good people forward to buy his relics and, thus, absolve themselves from sins. Then he stands in the pulpit and preaches very rapidly about the sin of avarice so as to intimidate the members into donating money.He repeats that his theme is always Money is the root of all evil because, with this text, he can denounce the very vice that he practices greed. And even though he is guilty of the same sins he preaches against, he can still make other people repent. The Pardoner admits that he likes money, rich food, and fine living. And even if he is not a moral man, he can tell a good moral tale, which follows.In Flanders, at the height of a black plague, three young men sit in an inn, eating and drinking far beyond their power and verbalise oaths that are worthy of damnation. The revelers mark the passing of a coffin and ask who has died., A consideration tells them that the dead man was a friend who was stabbed in the back the night before by a thief called close. The young revelers, thinking that demolition big businessman still be in the next townsfolk, decide to seek him out and slay him.On the way, the three men meet an old man who explains that he must wander the earth until he can find someone willing to exchange youth for old age. He says that not even Death will apportion his life. Hearing him speak of Death, the revelers ask where they can find Death, and the old man directs them to a tree at the end of the lane. The revelers rush to the tree and find eight bushels of gold coins, which they decide to keep. They decide to wait for night to move the gold and draw straws to see which one will go into town to get food and wine. The youngest of the three draws the utterlyest straw. When he leaves, the dickens others decide to kill him and divide his money. The youngest, however, wanting the treasure to himself, buys poison, which he adds to two of the bottles of wine he purchases. When the youngest reveler approaches the tree, the two others stab him and then sit down to drink the wine before they dispose of his body. Thus, all three so find Death.CommentaryFrom the Pardoners perspective, the Physician told a cheaply pious story and the Host, a sanctimonious fool, reacts to the tale with what seems high praise. Then, after praising the Physician, the Host turns to the Pardoner and asks for a merry ta le or jokes (som myrthe or japes), even though preaching is the Pardoners profession.The Pardoner agrees by mockingly echoing the same oath the Host has just used-By Saint Ronyon. The echo of the Host indicates, if anything at all, the Pardoners irritation at sense of hearing the Physician praised as being like a Prelate (lyk a prelat). The Pardoner is further insulted when some members of the company cry with one voice, No, dont let him tell dirty jokes (Nay, lat hym telle us of no ribaudye). The Pardoner will have his revenge on all the complacent, self-righteous critics, and he resolves to think his revenge out care undecomposedy.The ironic relationship between The Physicians Tale and The Pardoners Tale-and therefore the Physician and Pardoner-is that both men are self-loving dissemblers. However, one of the two, the Pardoner, possesses enough self-knowledge to know what he is the other, the Physician, being self-satisfied and affected, does not.The function of a pardoner in C haucers time was to collect moneys for charitable purposes and to be the Popes excess agent in dispensing or rewarding contributors with certain pardons as a remission for sins. By canon law, a pardoner was required to remain in a certain area within this area, he could visit churches, receive contributions, and, in the Popes name, dispense indulgences. An honest pardoner was entitled to a percentage of the take however, most pardoners were dishonest and took very much more than their share and, in many cases, would take all the contributions. Thus, as he boasts, Chaucers Pardoner belongs to the latter class-that is, he speaks of how much he collects by refusing to give indulgences to anyone except the very good people.In his prologue, the Pardoner frankly confesses that he is a fraud motivated by greed and avarice and that he is guilty of all seven sins. Even though he is essentially a hypocrite in his profession, he is at least being honest as he makes his confession. But then, ironically, at the end of his tale, he requests that the pilgrims make a contribution. Thus, for many reasons, the Pardoner is the most complex variant in the entire pilgrimage. He is certainly an intellectual figure his references and knowledge demonstrated in the tale and his use of psychology in getting altogether the good people to come forward attest to his intellect. But in making his confessions to the pilgrims about his hypocrisy, he seems to be saying that he wishes he could be more sincere in his ways, except that he is too fond of money, good food and wine, and power.The Pardoner takes as his text that Love of money is the root of all evil, yet he emphasizes how each relic will bring the purchaser more money in emphasizing this, he sells more and gains more money for himself. Thus, his text contains a double irony His love for money is the root of his evil, yet his sales depend upon the purchasers love of money. Furthermore, his technique of relying upon basic psycholo gy by selling only to the good people brings him more money. His sermon on avarice is given because the Pardoner is filled with avarice and this sermon fills his udder with money.Scholars, critics, and readers in general consider The Pardoners Tale to be one of the finest short stories ever written. Even though this is poetry, the narration fits all the qualifications of a perfect short story brevity, a theme aptly illustrated, brief characterizations, the inclusion of the symbolic old man, rapid narration, and a quick twist of an ending. The entire tale is an exemplum, a story told to illustrate an intellectual vizor. The subject is Money (greed) is the root of all evil.The Pardoners Tale ends with the Pardoner trying to sell a relic to the Host and the Host attacking the Pardoner viciously. At this point, the Knight who, both by his character and the nature of the tale he told, stands as Chaucers symbol of natural balance and proportion, steps between the Host and the Pardoner and directs them to kiss and be reconciled. In the conflict between the Host and the Pardoner, the Pardoner-whose official role is to get men to call on God for forgiveness of their sins-is unmerciful in his wrath that is, the Pardoner is unwilling to pardon, and the pardon is effected only when the noble Knight steps in.Glossaryrelicsobjects see and venerated because of association with a saint or martyr here, the Pardoners relics are false.LotLots daughters got their father drunk and then seduced him (from the Book of Genesis in the Bible) the Pardoners point is that Lot never would have committed incest if he had not been drunk.Samsonthe biblical strong man. He revealed the secret of his strength to Solome, who then betrayed him to his enemies.Lepea town in Spain noted for its strong wines.Cheapside and Fish Streetsstreets in London that were cognize for the sale of strong spirits.LemuelSee Proverbs 314-7.King DemetriusThe book that relates this and the previous accompanying i s the Policraticus of twelfth-century writer John of Salisbury.Avicennaan Arabian physician (980-1037) who wrote a work on medicines that includes a chapter on poisons.St. Helenthe mother of Constantine the Great, believed to have found the True hybridisationThe Pardoners TaleThere once run lowd in Flanders a company of three rioters who did nothing but engage in irresponsible and sinful behavior. At this point, the bank clerk interrupts the tale itself to launch a lengthy diatribe against drunkenness mentioning Herod, Seneca, Adam, Sampson, Attila the Hun and St. Paul as either sources or famed drunkards. This in turn oddly becomes a diatribe against people whose stomachs are their gods (their end, we are told, is death), and then a diatribe against the stomach, called, at one point a stynkyng cod, fulfilled of dong and of corrupcioun (a stinking bag, full of dung and decayed matter). This distraction from the story itself ends with an attack on dice-playing (dice here called b icched bones, or cursed dice).The three drunkards were in a tavern one night, and, hearing a bell ring, looked outside to see men carrying a corpse to its grave. One of them called to his slave to go and ask who the corpse was he was told by a boy that the corpse was an old fellow whose heart was smashed in two by a secret thief called Death. This drunkard agreed, and discussed with his companions how this Death had indeed slain many people, of all ranks, of both sexes, that very year. The three then made a vow (by Goddes digne bones) to find Death and slay him.When they had gone not even half a mile, they met an old, poor man at a style, who greeted them courteously. The proudest of the drunkards responded rudely, asking the man why he was still alive at such a ripe age. The old man answered that he was alive, because he could not find anyone who would exchange their youth for his age and, although he knocked on the ground, begging it to let him in, he still did not die. Moreover, the old man added, it was not courteous of the drunkards to speak so rudely to an old man.One of the other drunkards responded still more rudely that the old man was to tell them where Death was, or regret not telling them dearly. The old man, still polite, told the drunkards they could find Death up the stooping way and underneath an oak tree.The drunkards ran until they came to the tree, and, underneath it, they found eight bushels of gold coins. The worst one of them spoke first, arguing that Fortune had given them the treasure to live their life in happiness but realizing that they could not carry the gold home without people seeing them and thinking them thieves. Therefore, he evokeed, they should draw lots, and one of them should run back to the town to fetch bread and wine, while the other two protected the treasure. Then, at night, they could agree where to take the treasure and carry it safety. This was agreed, and lots were emaciated the youngest of them was picked to go to the town.However, as soon as he had gone to the town, the two remaining drunkards plotted amongst themselves to stab him upon his return, and then split the gold between them. spot he was in the town, the youngest thought of the beauty of the gold coins, and decided to buy some poison in order to kill the other two, keeping the gold for himself. Thus, he went to an apothecary, bought some strong and violent poison, poured it into two of three wine bottles (the third was for him to drink from), topped them up with wine, and returned to his fellows.Exactly as the other two had planned it, it befell. They killed him on his return, and sat down to enjoy the wine before burying his body and, as it happened, drank the poison and died. The tale ends with a short sermon against sin, asking God to forgive the trespass of good men, and warning them against the sin of avarice, before (this, we can presume narrated in the Pardoners voice) inviting the congregation to come up and offer their wool in return for pardons.The tale finished, the Pardoner suddenly remembers that he has forgotten one thing that he is carrying relics and pardons in his male (pouch, bag) and begins to invite the pilgrims forward to receive pardon, inciting the Host to be the first to receive his pardon. Unbokele anon thy purs, he says to the Host, who responds that the Pardoner is trying to make him kiss thyn old breech (your old pants), swearing it is a relic, when actually it is just painted with his shit. I wish, the Host says, I had your coillons (testicles) in my hand, to shrine them in a hogs turd.The Pardoner is so angry with this response, he cannot speak a word, and, just in time, the Knight steps in, bringing the Pardoner and the Host together and making them again friends. This done, the company continues on its way. compendThe Pardoner has in recent years become one of the most critically discussed of the Canterbury pilgrims. His tale is in many ways the exemplar of the con tradiction which the construction of the Tales themselves can so easily exploit, and a good touchstone for highlighting hardly how Chaucer can complicate an issue without ever giving his own opinion.Thus the Pardoner embodies precisely the textual conundrum of the Tales themselves he utters words which have absolutely no correlation with his actions. His voice, in other words, is entirely at betting odds with his behavior. The Pardoners voice, at the extraction of his tale, rings out as round as gooth a belle, summoning his congregation and yet his church is one of extreme bad faith. There is a genuine issue here about whether the Pardoners tale, being told by the Pardoner, can actually be the moral (325) tale it claims to be. For, while the tale does indeed demonstrate that money is the root of all evil, does it still count when he is preaching agayn that same vice / Which that I use, and that is avarice (against the very vice I commit avarice). How far, in other words, can the teller negate his own moral?Yet the real problem is that the Pardoner is a triple-crown preacher, and his profits point to several people who do learn from his speeches and repent their sin. His Tale too is an accurate demonstration of the way greed and avarice feed to evil. Hollow execution nevertheless, the Pardoner is an excellent preacher against greed. His voice, in short, operates regardless of his actions. Hollow sentiments produce real results.This is also reflected in the imagery of the tale itself. The Pardoner hates full stomachs, preferring rescind vessels, and, though his wallet may well be bretful of pardoun comen from Rome (687) but the moral worth of this paper is nil the wallet, therefore, is full and empty at the same time exactly like the Pardoners sermon.In just the same way Chaucer himself in the Tales can ventriloquize the sentiments of the pilgrim the Reeve, the Pardoner, the Merchant and so on, without actually committing to it. Because the Tales thems elves, in supposedly reproducing the telling of a certain pilgrim, actually do enact precisely the disembodied voice which the Pardoner represents. The moral paradox of the Pardoner himself is precisely the paradox of the Tales and their series of Chaucer-ventriloquized disembodied voices.There is a doubleness, a shifting evasiveness, about the Pardoners double audience the imaginary congregation he describes, and the assembled company to whom he preaches, and tells his lewed tales, even calling them forth to pardon at the end. The point is clear even though they know it is insincere, the Pardoners shtick might still work on the assembled company.The imagery of the Pardoners Tale also reflects this fundamental hollowness. The tale itself is strewn with bones, whether in the oath sworn by Goddes digne bones, whether in the word for cursed dice (bones) or whether in the bones which the Pardoner stuffs into his glass cases, pretending they are relics. The literary landscape is strewn w ith body parts, and missing, absent bodies beginning with the anonymous corpse carried past at the beginning of his tale. Bones, stomachs, coillons words for body parts cover the page, almost as a grim monitoring device of the omnipresence of death in this tale.The General Prologue, suggesting that the Pardoner resembles a gelding or a mare, hints that the Pardoner may be a congenital eunuch or, taken less literally, a homosexual, and, as the Host seems to suggest at the end, might well be without his coillons, a Middle English word meaning both relics and testicles. All of the relics in this Tale, including the Pardoners, evade the grasp of the hand. The Pardoner thus can be categorized along with the other bizarrely feminized males in the Tales, including Absolon, Sir Thopas, and, if we believe the Host, Chaucer (the character).And of course, at the plaza of the tale, there is a search for somebody called Death which, naturally, does not find the person Death, but death itself. It is a successful but ultimately unsuccessful search. All that is left over at the center of the Tales is the bushels of gold, sitting under a tree unclaimed. The root of the tale, as its moral similarly suggests about the root of evil, is money and money was, to a medieval reader, known to be a spiritual death. Notably, moreover, in the tale, both gold and death shift from metaphor to reality and back again a neat reminder of the ability of the Tales to evade our grasp, raising difficult questions without ever answering them.

Schizophrenia Symptoms Are Classified Into Three Categories

schizophrenic disorder Symptoms Are Classified Into Three CategoriesSchizophrenia has been defined as split mind. It refers non to a multiple personalisedity split but rather to a split from ingenuousness that shows itself in disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and hostile emotions and actions (Myers, 2007, p678). Schizophrenia is a disorder of the normal balance of emotion and thinking is organism defined as a collection of severe brain disorders in which the patient sees reality abnormally. In Schizophrenia unitary or more(prenominal) of the following symptoms ar present hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and expression. Schizophrenia is a chronic illness that requires discourse for life.The twist of the movie, Beautiful mind, which occurs more or less middle through the movie, is that Nash is suffering from a severe form of Schizophrenia, and many the situations and places that he think exist in his life, ar only part of his mind. Schizophrenia Symptoms no maven single symptom can determine the diagnosis most of its symptoms can be applied to new(prenominal) affable illnesses. In men, Schizophrenia symptoms typically begin in the teens or 20s. In women, typically is the 20s or early 30s. Its unusual for children to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia symptoms ar word formified into three categories positive, negative and cognitive.The positive symptoms are hallucinations, speech disorganized, delusions, inappropriate laughter, and tears. Patients with negative symptoms are usually quite, toneless voices, expressionless faces, and rigid bodies. Most inappropriate behaviors are usually presented by the positive symptoms, and the absences of proper behaviors are the negative symptoms, last cognitive symptoms are slight and are often discover with a when neuropsychological tests are administer. Cognitive impairments frequently impede the patients ability to lead a normal life and earn a living. They cause grea t aroused distressPositive symptoms reveal an excess or distortion of normal functions. These lively, abnormal symptoms whitethorn takeDelusions. Is the most frequent, these are beliefs that are not found in reality and usually entail misunderstanding of perception or incidents.Hallucinations. These typically involve seeing or hearing people or different things are not real, enchantment hearing voices is the most common in patients with Schizophrenia, they can be in any of the senses.Thought disorder. Trouble speaking and organizing thoughts may pass on in stopping speech midsentence or putting together meaningless words, sometimes known as word salad. disorganize behavior. This can be in many different forms, ranging from childlike silliness to random disturbance.Negative symptoms is the lack, diminishment or nonexistence of characteristics of normal function. They may appear with or without positive symptoms. They includeLack of interest in daily activitiesDisplay of lack em otionsReduced capability to make arrangement or carry out actionsNeglect of personal hygieneSocial withdrawalLoss of motivationCognitive symptoms involve troubles with thought processes. These symptoms may be the most disabling in Schizophrenia because they substitute with the ability to perform routine daily tasks. They includeProblems with making sense of informationDifficulty paying attentionMemory problemsThe Schizophrenia symptoms the viewer of the take in A Beautiful Mind takes account of are hallucinations, both auditive and visual, paranoid ideations, delusional thinking, and a distorted perception of reality, all of which are symptoms that psychologists needfully to determine and diagnose Schizophrenia. The movie convincingly uses the visual medium to expose stress and mental illness within one persons mind. The plot substitute auditory hallucinations with visual delusions to describe the story of the paranoid Schizophrenia.In the film A Beautiful Mind Nash experiences s ome of the positive symptoms. The first scene that showed the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia is also Nashs first hallucination in his college dorm room at Princeton University, when his drunken roommate Charles appears. Charles acts as a mentor to Nash by making him have there is more in life than just study and work, that he must live life in a different way. Throughout his life, Nash has been a lone wolf, and Charles pushes Nash to go out, meets new people, makes some garters, and must learn to have respect for beer. It is then, when his mind relaxes, that he is capable to come up with his ultimate goal, gain an original idea, and set himself apart from the rest of the students.Charles, the roommate stay in contact with John throughout his adult life and years later Charless niece, a little girl name Marcee, enters Johns mind as an separate coinciding hallucination. Nashs second hallucination is a estrange man who he refers to as cosmic Br new(prenominal), a.k.a. William P archer, Nash enters a world of secrecy and imagination when he meets him. While in a visit to the Pentagon, Nash first sees Parcher out of the corner of his eye. Later Parcher approaches Nash about a top secret job in which his lack of personal relationship would be a benefit. Parcher interprets a government secret agent that seeks out Nashs news in the code- break of serve area, something that he supposedly is the best because of a special capability he has when he looks in news papers, magazines or any other written document that he comes in contact with. In addition, this job that he has been given arouses his significance because he becomes part of the government where hes relied on. At one point in the movie, Nash needs to locate and prevent the explosion of a Russian nu finish up bomb. This delusional situation created within his mind, where he is completely unsuspecting of its nonexistence is the best portrayal of this symptom in the movie, so real that is not easy for the viewer to identify it until later. The hallucination of Parcher is the key factor in Nashs delusional thinking. Nash delusions takes over his life, his hallucinations are all around the job Parcher assigned him regarding the nuclear bomb, supposedly Parcher places a device inside his arm that allows him to see a code under an ultra-violet light. Also with this implant under his skin Nash gain entrance to a secret location where he is to leave the cracked codes. In reality this top secret place is a vacant, falling down mansion, and the door key- pad that Nash types his entry secret code into doesnt work anymore. Nashs code breaking abilities are partly made possible by his hallucinations. The codes pop out of the paper to him and e actuallything makes sense. veritable(a) though the codes are imaginary since there was no secret- code- breaking- exteriorise underway, Nash deciphers complex mathematical formulas and in fact modifies a theory that had been accepted in its field. Arou nd the same time he finds the love of his life in the class he teaches, Alicia one of his most brilliant students that he comes to met in a personal level and they fall in love to each other. nevertheless though Nash is living torment with this delusions and hallucinations, hes able to assuage be a teacher, but he develops a new symptom wile in class Nash becomes paranoid, he start seeing a man that is staking him outside of the classroom. At this moment the film projects the full illness Nash is suffering, paranoid Schizophrenia, and until now he is unaware of his illness. But Alicia is already noticing signs and she showed him the documents, closed envelops, that she picked up from the dilapidated mansion mail box, and for the first time he is confront with his delusions. The evidence made Nash realize that he was hallucinating. When the conspiracy situation goes wrong in Nashs head he realizes he really needs mental helper. He is taken, voluntarily to a psychiatric hospital, a nd is submitted to a very intense treatment.The scene on this movie that best explain the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia is the one showing Nash gibeing his baby son speckle the he is crying and Nash shows totally no sign of having emotions towards the baby or the situation at all. This is just one example, although a loss of feeling is one of the most preponderate negative symptoms. Nash is discharge from the hospital but he is prescribed with a high dose of medication, and while taking this medication to hold rear end the symptoms, Nash is shown returning to a normal life by becoming self aware. But the medication impedes completely his mathematical thinking as thoroughly as the way he feels and works. Although his illness interferes with his relationship, Nash and Alicia decide to stay together. As the relationship progresses, so does Nashs disease and his delusions.It is important to mention how the viewer is capable to determine the impact on Nashs activities of daily living the Schizophrenia has. His relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are disrupted by the intrusiveness of the symptoms of his mental illness, mainly because he is perceived as being so smart and the strange behaviors he exhibits are so contrasting with the perceptions that others had of him. His strange behavior seems even more tight to understand because the onset of his mental illness occurs at a later age than is typical, in Nashs case, the onset occurs in his thirties. For a time, his family, friends, and colleagues attempt to ignore the symptoms and insist upon Nashs normalcy, but it becomes increasingly clear that Nash has a mental illness and needs to be evaluated for Schizophrenia.Once he has begun his descent into the world of Schizophrenia and goes deeper into it, Nash has increasing difficulty relating to the people around him. Even before the onset of his mental illness, he admits that he is not a in particular personable individual, and he has always been more comfortable and satisfied with meter and his work than with people. Nonetheless, he is able, before his illness, to forge several significant relationships, including a romantic relationship that leads to his marriage to Alicia. Over time, however, the increased frequency, intensity, and persistence of his symptoms prove to be incredibly distracting, and even dangerous, putting the people that he loves in unsafe situations. However, characteristic of Schizophrenia, when he is in the pick of a hallucination or other symptom, he finds it impossible to distinguish between real and unreal. This state proves difficult for people, even those who love him deeply, to understand. When he is symptomatic, the powers of the hallucinatory figures that haunt him, especially Parcher, encourage him to ill-treat his loved ones, and it is as if he never knew or cared about them. This condition is especially difficult for his wife, Alicia, who is affected most by Nashs illness and who is in the difficult position of making painful decisions about his treatment for Schizophrenia.Causes Its not known, but researchers believe that a combination of genetics and environment factors contributes to development of the disease. Problems with certain of course occurring brain chemicals, including the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate, also may contribute. Neuroimaging studies show differences in the brain structure and central nervous system of people with Schizophrenia. While researchers arent certain about the significance of these changes, they support evidence that Schizophrenia is a brain disease.Risk factorsHaving a family history of SchizophreniaExposure to viruses, toxins or malnutrition while in the womb, particularly in the first and second trimestersStressful life circumstancesOlder paternal ageTaking psychoactive drugs during adolescence and young adulthood.Standardized criteriaAccording to the rewrite fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Man ual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia, three diagnostic criteria must be metCharacteristic symptoms Two or more of the following, each present for much of the time during a one-month period (or less, if symptoms remitted with treatment).DelusionsHallucinationsDisorganized speech, which is a manifestation of formal thought disorderGrossly disorganized behavior (e.g. dressing inappropriately, crying frequently) or catatonic behaviorNegative symptoms affective flattening (lack or decline in emotional response), alogia (lack or decline in speech), or avolition (lack or decline in motivation)Social/occupational dysfunction For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more study areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset.Duration Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least six months. This six-month period must include at least one month of symptoms (or less, if symptoms remitted with treatment).Schizophrenia cannot be diagnosed if symptoms of mood disorder or permeant developmental disorder are present, or the symptoms are the direct result of a general medical condition or a substance, such as abuse of a drug or medication.SubtypesThe DSM-IV-TR contains five sub-classifications of Schizophrenia.Paranoid type Where delusions and hallucinations are present but thought disorder, disorganized behavior, and affective flattening are absent.Disorganized type Named hebephrenic Schizophrenia in the ICD. Where thought disorder and flat affect are present together.Catatonic type The subject may be almost immobile or exhibit agitated purposeless movement. Symptoms can include catatonic stupor and waxy flexibility.Undifferentiated type Psychotic symptoms are present but the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic types have not been met.Residual type Where positive symptoms are present at a low i ntensity only.The ICD-10 defines two additional subtypes.Post-schizophrenic depression A depressive episode arising in the aftermath of a schizophrenic illness where some low-level schizophrenic symptoms may still be present.Simple Schizophrenia Insidious and progressive development of prominent negative symptoms with no history of psychotic episodes.Nash is taken to the psychiatric hospital to help him out with his illness. Nash was admitted to the hospital to see a psychiatrist where he was asked to talk about who he sees and what are his complications. During this interview Nash cuts his wrist to look for the implant that Parcher imbed and he discovers that its gone. The psychiatrist Dr. Rosen diagnoses Nash with Schizophrenia, and he receives 10 weeks of Insulin shock therapy, and is prescribes with anti psychotic medications. Upon returning home, the visions are suppressed, but so is every aspect of Nashs beautiful mind. He no longer can think right, feel right, or act right. He stops taking the medication, and loses another battle with his schizophrenia. Instead of going back to the hospital, he tries to battle the hallucinations on his own. He stops taking the medication, this is the turning point of the movie, where Nash learns how to really live his life, and therefore, his hallucinations come back again. As a result of not taking the medication has put Nashs family in danger. Alicia asks him to watch their baby at one point and he goes on with his hallucinations saying that Charles was watching the baby. Alicia becomes very frustrated and asks him to get back to the hospital, she calls Dr. Rosen but Nash runs after her and hurts her. As she was running away from the house Parcher asks Nash to finish her meaning kill her. The near accident with his wife and child changed the balance of power in his mind. Nash was suddenly faced with the prospect of being permanently committed to an institution. As Alicia tried to flee and report his behavior, Nash st epped in front of her car to prevent her from leaving. At that critical moment, a sudden insight appeared to heal him permanently. He said She never gets old. Nash had realized that during his hallucinations over the years, Marcee, Charles niece, had proceed to be a little girl. It was a single lightning flash, which illuminated his entire mental landscape. The discovery was partly accidental and partly forced on him by his anxiety to avoid being committed to a hospital. Nash learns that life is more than making a discovery, or solving an equation. There is love and emotion concern a wife, taking care of your baby, and the everyday joys of life. Instead of focusing on himself, John decides to go back to teaching classes, and shares his amazing knowledge with his students. All this, while ignoring the hallucinations that took over his mind. This is where an amazing inspirational quote is mentioned by NashAre the hallucinationsgone?No, but Ive gotten used to ignoring them, and as a result, theyve kind of given up on me. I think thats sorta what its like with dreams and nightmares. Weve gotta keep feeding them for them to stay aliveHis solution was to treat his demons as though they were real. He thanked Charles for being his best friend over the years, and said a tearful goodbye to Marcee. He told Parcher that he would not speak to him anymore. Gradually they troubled him less. Nash had to prevent new delusions from entering his mind. He used to humorously check with his students and colleagues whether they too could see his new visitors. He was checking for reality. Negative emotions always distort viewpoints and are accompanied by subtle feelings of discomfort. scorn the serious illness he had he worked hard and came up with the game theory and received a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences